Method And Compositions For Reducing Pore Size, And Moisturizing And/Or Blurring Appearance Of Defects On Keratin Surfaces

ABSTRACT

A method for simultaneously moisturizing and/or blurring the appearance of skin defects, or reducing pore size, or treating skin with a multi-benefit composition.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from Provisional U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 61/675,389 filed Jul. 25, 2012 and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/948,862, filed Jul. 23, 2013.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention is the in the field of methods for reducing pore size,moisturizing and optically improving the appearance of keratin surfacessuch as skin, hair, or nails with certain polymers and polymercompositions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is a need for skin care products that have multiple benefits.Desirable multiple benefits include moisturizing, minimizing or blurringthe appearance of skin defects, reducing pore size, improving theappearance of dark under eye circles, reducing skin redness (e.g. due torosacea), minimizing the appearance of lines and wrinkles, evening skintone, filling skin depressions, hiding scars, smoothing cellulite or“cottage cheese” skin, reducing the ashy appearance of ethnic skin,irregularities and age spots on hands, face, and neck, improvingappearance of uneven pigmentation, correcting color (e.g. reducingyellow or red skin tone) and so on.

For example, in the moisturizer category there are many on the market.However, the aesthetics of those products is not always optimal. Forexample, products that moisturize well may also be too occlusive andprovide a heavy or sticky feel on the skin. This in turn may causeblemishes in those with sensitive skin. Often moisturizers provide ashiny appearance on skin, which in turn accentuates the appearance ofskin defects. Thus, skin care products that provide optimalmoisturization of skin and are aesthetically pleasing are always indemand.

Another desirable property of skin care products is their ability toimprove the appearance of skin defects inherently, that is, preferablywithout using pigments or powders known for this purpose. One way toblur skin defects is by reducing the gloss in the compositions appliedto skin. Skin defects are much more visible on skin that is glossy inappearance, in the same way that scratches are most easily seen onwooden floors varnished with a high gloss finish. Often the ingredientspresent in a formula that are the best moisturizers tend to be glossy orcontribute gloss to the overall composition. Accordingly, there is aneed for compositions that provide maximum moisture with minimum gloss.

In addition, products that reduce the size of pores are very desirableto consumers. Pore size reduction can occur by topical application ofingredients that physically act on the pore to reduce its size, orwhich, through optical properties provide the appearance of reduced poresize.

An object of the invention is to provide compositions that moisturizeskin.

Another object of the invention is to provide compositions that havemultiple benefits including benefits such moisturizing, minimizing orblurring the appearance of skin defects, reducing pore size, improvingthe appearance of dark under eye circles, reducing skin redness (e.g.due to rosacea), minimizing lines and wrinkles, evening skin tone,filling skin depressions, hiding scars, smoothing cellulite or “cottagecheese” skin, reducing the ashy appearance of ethnic skin,irregularities and age spots on hands, face, and neck, improvingappearance of uneven pigmentation, correcting color (e.g. reducingyellow or red skin tone) and so on.

Another object of the invention is to provide compositions thatoptically blur the appearance of skin defects such as depressions,irregularities, uneven skin tone, etc. which may be by de-glossing, andwhich can occur without the use of particulates traditionally used forthis purpose.

Another object of the invention is to provide compositions that reducethe appearance of pores.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method for moisturizingand/or blurring or minimizing the appearance of defects on keratinoussurfaces such as skin, hair, or nails. Improving the appearance of handsis particularly desired since hands often show age that is lesstreatable than other areas of the face or body.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method for simultaneously moisturizing a keratin surface and/orblurring the appearance of defects, preferably by de-glossing thekeratin surface, comprising topically applying to a surface in need ofmoisturization and/or having such defects, a composition containing aPolymer (as defined below) wherein the composition containing thePolymer exhibits improved moisturization and de-glossing when comparedto the same composition not containing the Polymer. (The term “Polymer”is a defined term having the definition set forth below in Section IIbelow).

A method for optically blurring the appearance of defects on a keratinsurface preferably by de-glossing the keratin surface, by topicallyapplying to a surface having such defects a composition containing aPolymer wherein the composition containing the Polymer exhibits improvedefficacy in blurring the appearance of such defects when compared to thesame composition not containing the Polymer.

A method for reducing the size of pores on skin by topically applying toa skin surface having enlarged pores a composition containing a Polymerwherein the composition containing the Polymer reduces the size of skinpores when compared to the same composition not containing the Polymer.

The invention is also directed to a multi-benefit composition and methodfor for treating skin to provide at least two benefits selected from thegroup: (a) moisturizing, (b) blurring the appearance of skin defects,(c) reducing pore size, (d) improving the appearance of dark under eyecircles, (e) reducing skin redness (e.g. due to rosacea), (f) minimizingthe appearance of lines and wrinkles, (g) evening skin tone, (h) fillingskin depressions, (i) hiding scars, (j) smoothing cellulite or “cottagecheese” skin, (k) reducing the ashy appearance of ethnic skin, (1)minimizing the appearance of irregularities and age spots on hands,face, and neck, (m) improving appearance of uneven pigmentation, (n)correcting color (e.g. reducing yellow or red skin tone); andcombinations thereof by applying a topical composition containing thePolymer.

The invention is also directed to a topical composition comprising thePolymer.

The invention is also directed to a topical composition comprising thePolymer in combination with other ingredients further set forth herein.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1: shows that the composition of the invention (Formula 1) providesimproved moisturization when compared to test formulas (2 & 3).

FIG. 2: shows that the composition of the invention (Formula 1) providesimproved de-glossing when compared to test formulas (2 & 3).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Definitions

All percentages mentioned herein are percentages by weight unlessotherwise indicated.

The term “blur” means, with respect to defects, that such defects areobscured or made less distinct.

The term “defects” means, with respect to skin conditions such aswrinkles, fine lines, large pores, uneven pigmentation, pock marks,pits, scars, or similar superficial irregularities.

The term “de-gloss” means that the measured gloss of the surface isreduced. Typically gloss is measured by a gloss meter includingaccording to methods as set forth in the Examples.

The term “keratin surface” means skin, hair, or nails.

The term “Polymer” means the polymers set forth in Section II, below.

II. The Polymer (the “Polymer”)

Suitable polymers are those generally referred to as polyacrylatepolymers crosslinked with different crosslinking agents. They arereferred to by the C.T.F.A. names as Polyacrylate crosspolymer-1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14.

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-1 is a copolymer of one or more simple estersof acrylic or methacrylic acid, C1-4 dialkylamino C1-6 alkylmethacrylate, PEG/PPG-30/5 Ail ether, PEG 20-25 C10-30 alkyl ethermethacrylate, hydroxy C2-6 alkyl methacrylate crosslinked with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. This polymer may be purchased from LubrizolAdvanced Materials under the tradename Carbopol Aqua CC.

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-2 is a copolymer of PEG/PPG-23/6 Dimethiconecitraconate, C10-30 alkyl PEG-25 methacrylate, and one or more monomersof acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or one of their simple esters,crosslinked with trimethylolpropane PEG-15 triacrylate. It may bepurchased from Lubrizol under the Fixate tradename.

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-3 may also be suitable. It is a copolymer ofbutyl acrylate, PEG-10 acrylate, PPG-6 acrylate and dimethylacrylamide,crosslinked by PEG-23 Diacrylate and may be purchased from Goo ChemicalCompany.

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-4 is suitable, and is a copolymer of sodiumacryloyldimethyltaurate, dimethyl acrylamide, sodium acrylate, acrylicacid and hydroxyethylacrylate crosslinked with methylene bis-propenamidethat may be purchased from Seppic Inc under the tradename Seppinov P500.

Also suitable is Polyacrylate crosspolymer-5, and Polyacrylatecrosspolymer-6, which is a copolymer of ammoniumacryloyldimethyltaurate, dimethylacrylamide, lauryl methacrylate andlaureth-4 methacrylate, crosslinked with trimethylolpropane triacrylatethat can be purchased from Seppic Inc.

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-7 is one preferred polymer, which is a acopolymer of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate, dimethylacrylamide,lauryl methacrylate and laureth-4 methacrylate, crosslinked withtrimethylolpropane triacrylate which may be purchased from MomentivePerformance Materials.

Also suitable is Polyacrylate crosspolymer-8 a copolymer of t-butylmethacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methoxy PEG-23 methacrylate, anddimethylacrylamide, crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, andPolyacrylate crosspolymer-9 which is a copolymer of t-butylaminoethylmethacrylate and carboxyethyl acrylate, crosslinked with a combinationof pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and a hexafunctional acrylate formed byreacting pentaerythritol triacrylate with toluene diisocyanate,

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-10 and 11 are also suitable, and arecopolymers prepared by polymerizing a mixture oftrimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate with trimethyloylpropanetrimethacrylate; or copolymers of methacrylic acid, acryloyldimethyltaurate and dimethacrylamide, crosslinked with ppg-3 glyceryltriacrylate, with the latter optionally neutralized with ammonia,respectively.

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-12 is a copolymer of t-butyl methacrylate,stearyl methacrylate, methoxy PEG-23 methacrylate, anddimethylacrylamide, crosslinked with methylene bis-acrylamide andPolyacrylate crosspolymer-14 is a copolymer of copolymer of acrylicacid, lauryl methacrylate, cetyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, andphosphorylcholine glycol methacrylate, crosslinked by an allyl ether ofpentaerythritol.

One particularly preferred polymer that may be used in the compositionof the invention contains silicone and acrylate repeat units. Morespecifically the preferred polymer is a copolymer of acrylates andsilicone and contains polyether repeat units and crosslinked epoxy oroxirane repeat units. The polymer may be present in the composition inamount ranging from about 0.01 to 75%, preferably from about 0.05 to60%, more preferably from about 0.1 to 50% by weight of the totalcomposition. Suitable polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,833,541and 7,687,574, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety. The silicone copolymer is preferably made by reacting anorganosiloxane silyl hydride polymer with an olefinic polyether andoxirane or epoxy groups by hydrosilation, then crosslinking withacrylates. The term “acrylate” is used generically to refer to any unitthat contains acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or their simple esters.More specifically, the polymer used in the composition of the inventionis the reaction product of a silyl hydride copolymer with an olefinicpolyether under hydrosilylation conditions to yield a polyethersubstituted hydride terpolymer.

In one embodiment the copolymer may be the reaction product of:

-   -   a) M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M^(PE) _(h)M^(E) _(k)D_(c)D^(H)        _(d-i-1)D^(PE) _(i)D^(E) _(l)T_(e)T^(H) _(f-j-m)T^(PE) _(j)T^(E)        _(m)Q_(g);    -   b) a stoichiometric or super-stoichiometric quantity of acrylate        where    -   M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2);    -   M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);    -   M^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)—R¹²)SiO_(1/2);    -   M^(E)=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2;)    -   D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and    -   D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2;)    -   D^(PE)=R⁸(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)R¹²)SiO_(2/2;)    -   D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO₂/_(2;)    -   T^(H)=HSiO_(3/2);    -   T^(PE)=(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C⁴H⁸O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(3/2);    -   T^(E)=(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(3/2); and    -   Q=SiO_(4/2);    -   where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R¹⁹ are each        independently selected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon        radicals having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms;    -   R⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹° is a divalent        alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbons;    -   R¹¹ is selected from the group of divalent radicals consisting        of —C₂H₄O—, —C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O; R¹² is H, a monofunctional        hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, or acetyl;    -   R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently selected        from the group of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals        having from one to sixty carbon atoms,    -   Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbon radical having from one        to sixty carbon atoms,    -   Q_(s) is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from one to sixty        carbon atoms; and        -   the subscripts a, b, or c is positive and has a value            ranging from about 5 to about 1,000;        -   the subscript d is positive and has a value ranging from            about 3 to about 400;        -   the subscript e is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 50;        -   the subscript f is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 30;        -   the subscript g is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 20;        -   the subscript h is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 2;        -   the subscript i is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 200;        -   the subscript j is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 30;        -   the subscript k is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 2;        -   the subscript 1 is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 200;        -   the subscript m is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 30;        -   the subscript n is zero or one;        -   the subscript o is zero or one;        -   the subscript p is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that            (p+q+r)>0;        -   the subscript q is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that            (p+q+r)>0;        -   the subscript r is zero or positive and has a value ranging            from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that            (p+q+r)>0;        -   the subscript s is zero or one;        -   the subscript t is zero or one; and    -   c) a free radical initiator.

Thus in one specific embodiment, the process of the invention leading tocompositions of the invention is as follows, a silyl hydride having theformula:

M_(a)M^(H) _(b)D_(c)D^(H) _(d), where

-   M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2);-   M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);-   D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and-   D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2)    with R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R¹⁹ are each independently    selected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having    from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, where the subscripts a, b, c and d are    zero or positive; and then is reacted under hydrosilylation    conditions with olefinic polyether having the formula:

CH═CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹² where

R⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group;

-   R¹⁰ is a divalent alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbons where the    subscript n may be 0 or 1;-   R¹¹ is selected from the group of divalent radicals consisting of    —C₂H₄O—, —C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O— where the subscript o may be 0 or 1;-   R¹² is H, a monofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, or    acetyl and the subscripts p, q and r are zero or positive.

When the polyether is composed of mixed oxyalkyleneoxide groups such asoxyethylene, oxypropylene and oxybutylene, the units may be blocked, orrandomly distributed. The resulting terpolymer has a formula consistentwith the formula:

M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h)M^(PE) _(e)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i)D^(PE) _(f)

where the superscript PE indicates polyether substitution, with

-   M^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o-)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(1/2)    and-   D^(PE)=R₈(—CH₂CH(R⁹)R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R_(y)    ¹ ²)SiO_(2/2)

This terpolymer may be further reacted under hydrosilylation conditionswith a of an olefinic epoxide or oxirane having the formula:

wherein:

-   Which is R¹⁷R¹⁸C═CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴,-   wherein R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently    selected from the group of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon    radicals having from one to sixty carbon atoms,-   Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbon radical having from one to    sixty carbon atoms,-   Q_(s) is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from one to sixty    carbon atoms with the subscripts s and t independently zero.

The resulting polymer has a formula consistent with:

-   M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M_(e) ^(PE)M^(E) _(g)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE)    _(f)D^(E) _(j), where the superscript E indicates epoxide or oxirane    substitution, with-   ME=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2)-   D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2)

Most preferred is Polyacrylate crosspolymer-7 which is a copolymer ofmethacrylate PPG-6 phosphate and one or more monomers of acrylic acid,methacrylic acid or their simple esters crosslinked with dimethiconePEG-PPG-6 acrylate. This polymer is available from Momentive PerformanceMaterials.

III. Other Moisturizing Ingredients

The composition may contain other moisturizing ingredients oringredients that provide skin benefits. Preferably such optionaladditional ingredients are included in an amount sufficient to increasethe moisturizing effect (if moisturizing ingredients) of the appliedcomposition without affecting or decreasing the de-glossing effect. Ifpresent, suggested ranges of the additional moisturizing ingredient arefrom about 0.01 to 50%, preferably from about 0.05 to 40%, morepreferably from about 0.1 to 35%. The moisturizing ingredient may act bysupplementing the water content of the keratin surface or by providing aprotective or occlusive layer on the keratin surface to prevent waterthat is inherently present there from evaporating from the surface.

Polysaccharides may be suitable moisturizers. Examples include naturallyderived materials such as agar, agarose, algin, alginic acid, acaciagum, amylopectin, chitin, dextran, cassia gum, cellulose gum, gelatin,gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose,ethyl cellulose, pectin, sclerotium gum, xanthan gum, pectin, trehelose,gelatin, Alicaligenes polysaccharides, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,amodimethicone, and so on.

Examples of suitable moisturizers further include glycols, sugars, andthe like. Suitable glycols are in monomeric or polymeric form andinclude polyethylene and polypropylene glycols such as PEG 4-200, whichare polyethylene glycols having from 4 to 200 repeating ethylene oxideunits; as well as C₁₋₆ alkylene glycols such as propylene glycol,butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, glycerin and the like. Suitablesugars, some of which are also polyhydric alcohols, are also suitablehumectants. Examples of such sugars include glucose, fructose, honey,hydrogenated honey, inositol, maltose, mannitol, maltitol, sorbitol,sucrose, xylitol, xylose, and so on.

Also suitable is urea or hydroxyl C₁₋₄ alkyl derivatives thereof such ashydroxyethyl urea. Various oily ingredients may also be suitablemoisturizers including but not limited to mono-, di-, or triesters ofcarboxylic acids and aliphatic or aromatic alcohols. Examples includethose set forth in Example 1.

IV. Other De-Glossing Ingredients

It may also be desirable to include de-glossing ingredients. Preferablythe de-glossing ingredients are present in an amount sufficient toincrease the de-glossing effect of the topically applied composition andwithout negatively affecting moisturization. If present such additionalde-glossing ingredients may range from about 0.01 to 60%, preferablyfrom about 0.05 to 50%, more preferably from about 0.1 to 45%.

Silicone elastomers that are suitable de-glossing ingredients for use inthe compositions of the invention include those that are formed byaddition reaction-curing, by reacting an SiH-containing diorganosiloxaneand an organopolysiloxane having terminal olefinic unsaturation, or analpha-omega diene hydrocarbon, in the presence of a platinum metalcatalyst. Such elastomers may also be formed by other reaction methodssuch as condensation-curing organopolysiloxane compositions in thepresence of an organotin compound via a dehydrogenation reaction betweenhydroxyl-terminated diorganopolysiloxane and SiH-containingdiorganopolysiloxane or alpha omega diene; or by condensation-curingorganopolysiloxane compositions in the presence of an organotin compoundor a titanate ester using a condensation reaction between anhydroxyl-terminated diorganopolysiloxane and a hydrolysableorganosiloxane; peroxide-curing organopolysiloxane compositions whichthermally cure in the presence of an organoperoxide catalyst.

One type of elastomer that may be suitable is prepared by additionreaction-curing an organopolysiloxane having at least two lower alkenylgroups in each molecule or an alpha-omega diene; and anorganopolysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms ineach molecule; and a platinum-type catalyst. While the lower alkenylgroups such as vinyl, can be present at any position in the molecule,terminal olefinic unsaturation on one or both molecular terminals ispreferred. The molecular structure of this component may be straightchain, branched straight chain, cyclic, or network. Theseorganopolysiloxanes are exemplified by methylvinylsiloxanes,methylvinylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers,dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylpolysiloxanes,dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxanecopolymers, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminateddimethylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymers,trimethylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxanecopolymers, trimethylsiloxy-terminateddimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymers,dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)polysiloxanes, and dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminateddimethylsiloxane-methyl(3,3,-trifluoropropyl)siloxane copolymers,decadiene, octadiene, heptadiene, hexadiene, pentadiene, or tetradiene,or tridiene.

Curing proceeds by the addition reaction of the silicon-bonded hydrogenatoms in the dimethyl methylhydrogen siloxane, with the siloxane oralpha-omega diene under catalysis using the catalyst mentioned herein.To form a highly crosslinked structure, the methyl hydrogen siloxanemust contain at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each moleculein order to optimize function as a crosslinker.

The catalyst used in the addition reaction of silicon-bonded hydrogenatoms and alkenyl groups, and is concretely exemplified bychloroplatinic acid, possibly dissolved in an alcohol or ketone and thissolution optionally aged, chloroplatinic acid-olefin complexes,chloroplatinic acid-alkenylsiloxane complexes, chloroplatinicacid-diketone complexes, platinum black, and carrier-supported platinum.

Examples of suitable silicone elastomers for use in the compositions ofthe invention may be in the powder form, or dispersed or solubilized insolvents such as volatile or non-volatile silicones, or siliconecompatible vehicles such as paraffinic hydrocarbons or esters. Examplesof silicone elastomer powders include vinyl dimethicone/methiconesilesquioxane crosspolymers like Shin-Etsu's KSP-100, KSP-101, KSP-102,KSP-103, KSP-104, KSP-105, hybrid silicone powders that contain afluoroalkyl group like Shin-Etsu's KSP-200 which is a fluoro-siliconeelastomer, and hybrid silicone powders that contain a phenyl group suchas Shin-Etsu's KSP-300, which is a phenyl substituted siliconeelastomer; and Dow Coming's DC 9506. Examples of silicone elastomerpowders dispersed in a silicone compatible vehicle includedimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymers supplied by a variety ofsuppliers including Dow Corning Corporation under the tradenames 9040 or9041, GE Silicones under the tradename SFE 839, or Shin-Etsu Siliconesunder the tradenames KSG-15, 16, 18. KSG-15 has the CTFA namecyclopentasiloxane/dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer. KSG-18has the INCI name phenyl trimethicone/dimethicone/phenyl vinyldimethicone crossoplymer. Silicone elastomers may also be purchased fromGrant Industries under the Gransil trademark. Also suitable are siliconeelastomers having long chain alkyl substitutions such as lauryldimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymers supplied by Shin Etsu underthe tradenames KSG-31, KSG-32, KSG-41, KSG-42, KSG-43, and KSG-44.Cross-linked organopolysiloxane elastomers useful in the presentinvention and processes for making them are further described in U.S.Pat. No. 4,970,252 to Sakuta et al., issued Nov. 13, 1990; U.S. Pat. No.5,760,116 to Kilgour et al., issued Jun. 2, 1998; U.S. Pat. No.5,654,362 to Schulz, Jr. et al. issued Aug. 5, 1997; and Japanese PatentApplication JP 61-18708, assigned to Pola Kasei Kogyo KK, each of whichare herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Other examples include silicone copolymers referred to under theC.T.F.A. designation “Polysilicone” followed by a numbers 8, 9, 10, 11,12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27.

V. Other Ingredients

A. Botanical Extracts

It may be desirable to include one or more botanical extracts in thecompositions. If so, suggested ranges are from about 0.0001 to 10%,preferably about 0.0005 to 8%, more preferably about 0.001 to 5% byweight of the total composition. Suitable botanical extracts includeextracts from plants (herbs, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds) such asflowers, fruits, vegetables, and so on, including yeast ferment extract,Padina Pavonica extract, thermus thermophilis ferment extract, camelinasativa seed oil, boswellia serrata extract, olive extract, AribodopsisThaliana extract, Acacia Dealbata extract, Acer Saccharinum (sugarmaple), acidopholus, acorns, aesculus, agaricus, agave, agrimonia,algae, aloe, citrus, brassica, cinnamon, orange, apple, blueberry,cranberry, peach, pear, lemon, lime, pea, seaweed, caffeine, green tea,chamomile, willowbark, mulberry, poppy, and those set forth on pages1646 through 1660 of the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, EighthEdition, Volume 2. Further specific examples include, but are notlimited to, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Salix Nigra, Macrocycstis Pyrifera,Pyrus Malus, Saxifraga Sarmentosa, Vitis Vinifera, Morus Nigra,Scutellaria Baicalensis, Anthemis Nobilis, Salvia Sclarea, RosmarinusOfficianalis, Citrus Medica Limonum, Panax Ginseng, SiegesbeckiaOrientalis, Fructus Mume, Ascophyllum Nodosum, Bifida Ferment lysate,Glycine Soja extract, Beta Vulgaris, Haberlea Rhodopensis, PolygonumCuspidatum, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis, Vitis Vinifera, SelaginellaTamariscina, Humulus Lupulus, Citrus Reticulata Peel, Punica Granatum,Asparagopsis, Curcuma Longa, Menyanthes Trifoliata, Helianthus Annuus,Hordeum Vulgare, Cucumis Sativus, Evernia Prunastri, Evernia Furfuracea,and mixtures thereof.

B. Oils

In the event the compositions of the invention are in emulsion form, thecomposition may comprise an oil phase. If present, suggested amountsrange from 0.1 to 80%, preferably from 0.5 to 75%, more preferably from1 to 50%. Suitable oils include silicones, esters, vegetable oils,synthetic oils, including but not limited to those set forth herein. Theoils may be volatile or nonvolatile, and are preferably in the form of apourable liquid at room temperature. The term “volatile” means that theoil has a measurable vapor pressure, or a vapor pressure of at leastabout 2 mm. of mercury at 20° C. The term “nonvolatile” means that theoil has a vapor pressure of less than about 2 mm. of mercury at 20° C.

1. Volatile Oils

Suitable volatile oils generally have a viscosity ranging from about 0.5to 5 centistokes 25° C. and include linear silicones, cyclic silicones,paraffinic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof. Volatile oils may be usedto promote more rapid drying of the skin care composition after it isapplied to skin.

(a). Volatile Silicones

Cyclic silicones are one type of volatile silicone that may be used inthe composition. Such silicones have the general formula:

where n=3-6, preferably 4, 5, or 6.

Also suitable are linear volatile silicones, for example, those havingthe general formula:

(CH₃)₃Si—O—[Si(CH₃)₂—O]_(n)—Si(CH₃)₃

where n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Cyclic and linear volatile silicones are available from variouscommercial sources including Dow Corning Corporation and MomentivePerformance Materials. The Dow Corning linear volatile silicones aresold under the tradenames Dow Corning 244, 245, 344, and 200 fluids.These fluids include hexamethyldisiloxane (viscosity 0.65 centistokes(abbreviated cst)), octamethyltrisiloxane (1.0 cst),decamethyltetrasiloxane (1.5 cst), dodecamethylpentasiloxane (2 cst) andmixtures thereof, with all viscosity measurements being at 25° C.

Suitable branched volatile silicones include alkyl trimethicones such asmethyl trimethicone, a branched volatile silicone having the generalformula:

Methyl trimethicone may be purchased from Shin-Etsu Silicones under thetradename TMF-1.5, having a viscosity of 1.5 centistokes at 25° C.

(b). Volatile Paraffinic Hydrocarbons

Also suitable as the volatile oils are various straight or branchedchain paraffinic hydrocarbons having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 16 carbonatoms. Suitable hydrocarbons include pentane, hexane, heptane, decane,dodecane, tetradecane, tridecane, and C₈₋₂₀ isoparaffins as disclosed inU.S. Pat. Nos. 3,439,088 and 3,818,105, both of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

Preferred volatile paraffinic hydrocarbons have a molecular weight of70-225, preferably 160 to 190 and a boiling point range of 30 to 320,preferably 60 to 260° C., and a viscosity of less than about 10 cst. at25° C. Such paraffinic hydrocarbons are available from EXXON under theISOPARS trademark, and from the Permethyl Corporation and includeisododecane and isohexadecane.

2. Non-Volatile Oils

A variety of nonvolatile oils are also suitable for use in thecompositions of the invention. The nonvolatile oils generally have aviscosity of greater than about 5 to 10 centistokes at 25° C., and mayrange in viscosity up to about 1,000,000 centipoise at 25° C. Examplesof nonvolatile oils include, but are not limited to:

(a). Esters

Suitable esters are mono-, di-, and triesters. The composition maycomprise one or more esters selected from the group, or mixturesthereof.

(i) Monoesters

Monoesters are defined as esters formed by the reaction of amonocarboxylic acid having the formula R—COOH, wherein R is a straightor branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl having 2 to 45 carbonatoms, or phenyl; and an alcohol having the formula R—OH wherein R is astraight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl having 2-30carbon atoms, or phenyl. Both the alcohol and the acid may besubstituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. Either one or both of theacid or alcohol may be a “fatty” acid or alcohol, and may have fromabout 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 12, 14, 16, 18, or 22 carbonatoms in straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated form.Examples of monoester oils that may be used in the compositions of theinvention include hexyl laurate, butyl isostearate, hexadecylisostearate, cetyl palmitate, isostearyl neopentanoate, stearylheptanoate, isostearyl isononanoate, steary lactate, stearyl octanoate,stearyl stearate, isononyl isononanoate, and so on.

(ii). Diesters

Suitable diesters are the reaction product of a dicarboxylic acid and analiphatic or aromatic alcohol or an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol havingat least two substituted hydroxyl groups and a monocarboxylic acid. Thedicarboxylic acid may contain from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and may be inthe straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated form. Thedicarboxylic acid may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups.The aliphatic or aromatic alcohol may also contain 2 to 30 carbon atoms,and may be in the straight or branched chain, saturated, or unsaturatedform. Preferably, one or more of the acid or alcohol is a fatty acid oralcohol, i.e. contains 12-22 carbon atoms. The dicarboxylic acid mayalso be an alpha hydroxy acid. The ester may be in the dimer or trimerform. Examples of diester oils that may be used in the compositions ofthe invention include diisotearyl malate, neopentyl glycol dioctanoate,dibutyl sebacate, dicetearyl dimer dilinoleate, dicetyl adipate,diisocetyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate,diisostearyl fumarate, diisostearyl malate, dioctyl malate, and so on.

(iii). Triesters

Suitable triesters comprise the reaction product of a tricarboxylic acidand an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol or alternatively the reactionproduct of an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol having three or moresubstituted hydroxyl groups with a monocarboxylic acid. As with themono- and diesters mentioned above, the acid and alcohol contain 2 to 30carbon atoms, and may be saturated or unsaturated, straight or branchedchain, and may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups.Preferably, one or more of the acid or alcohol is a fatty acid oralcohol containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of triesters includeesters of arachidonic, citric, or behenic acids, such as triarachidin,tributyl citrate, triisostearyl citrate, tri C₁₂-₁₃ alkyl citrate,tricaprylin, tricaprylyl citrate, tridecyl behenate, trioctyldodecylcitrate, tridecyl behenate; or tridecyl cocoate, tridecyl isononanoate,and so on.

Esters suitable for use in the composition are further described in theC.T.F.A. Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Eleventh Edition,2006, under the classification of “Esters”, the text of which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

(b). Hydrocarbon Oils

It may be desirable to incorporate one or more nonvolatile hydrocarbonoils into the composition. Suitable nonvolatile hydrocarbon oils includeparaffinic hydrocarbons and olefins, preferably those having greaterthan about 20 carbon atoms. Examples of such hydrocarbon oils includeC₂₄₋₂₈ olefins, C₃₀-₄₅ olefins, C₂₀₋₄₀ isoparaffins, hydrogenatedpolyisobutene, polyisobutene, polydecene, hydrogenated polydecene,mineral oil, pentahydrosqualene, squalene, squalane, and mixturesthereof. In one preferred embodiment such hydrocarbons have a molecularweight ranging from about 300 to 1000 Daltons.

(c). Glyceryl Esters of Fatty Acids

Synthetic or naturally occurring glyceryl esters of fatty acids, ortriglycerides, are also suitable for use in the compositions. Bothvegetable and animal sources may be used. Examples of such oils includecastor oil, lanolin oil, C₁₀₋₁₈ triglycerides,caprylic/capric/triglycerides, sweet almond oil, apricot kernel oil,sesame oil, camelina sativa oil, tamanu seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil,cottonseed oil, linseed oil, ink oil, olive oil, palm oil, illipebutter, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, grapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil,walnut oil, and the like.

Also suitable are synthetic or semi-synthetic glyceryl esters, such asfatty acid mono-, di-, and triglycerides which are natural fats or oilsthat have been modified, for example, mono-, di- or triesters of polyolssuch as glycerin. In an example, a fatty (C₁₂₋₂₂) carboxylic acid isreacted with one or more repeating glyceryl groups. glyceryl stearate,diglyceryl diiosostearate, polyglyceryl-3 isostearate, polyglyceryl-4isostearate, polyglyceryl-6 ricinoleate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryldiisotearate, glyceryl tetraisostearate, glyceryl trioctanoate,diglyceryl distearate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl myristate, glycerylisostearate, PEG castor oils, PEG glyceryl oleates, PEG glycerylstearates, PEG glyceryl tallowates, and so on.

(d). Nonvolatile Silicones

Nonvolatile silicone oils, both water soluble and water insoluble, arealso suitable for use in the composition. Such silicones preferably havea viscosity ranging from about greater than 5 to 800,000 cst, preferably20 to 200,000 cst at 25° C. Suitable water insoluble silicones includeamine functional silicones such as amodimethicone.

For example, such nonvolatile silicones may have the following generalformula:

wherein R and R′ are each independently C₁₋₃₀ straight or branchedchain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, phenyl or aryl, trialkylsiloxy,and x and y are each independently 1-1,000,000; with the proviso thatthere is at least one of either x or y, and A is alkyl siloxy endcapunit. Preferred is where A is a methyl siloxy endcap unit; in particulartrimethylsiloxy, and R and R′ are each independently a C₁₋₃₀ straight orbranched chain alkyl, phenyl, or trimethylsiloxy, more preferably aC₁-₂₂ alkyl, phenyl, or trimethylsiloxy, most preferably methyl, phenyl,or trimethylsiloxy, and resulting silicone is dimethicone, phenyldimethicone, diphenyl dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, ortrimethylsiloxyphenyl dimethicone. Other examples include alkyldimethicones such as cetyl dimethicone, and the like wherein at leastone R is a fatty alkyl (C₁₂, C₁₄, C₁₆, C₁₈, C₂₀, or C₂₂), and the otherR is methyl, and A is a trimethylsiloxy endcap unit, provided such alkyldimethicone is a pourable liquid at room temperature. Phenyltrimethicone can be purchased from Dow Corning Corporation under thetradename 556 Fluid. Trimethylsiloxyphenyl dimethicone can be purchasedfrom Wacker-Chemie under the tradename PDM-1000. Cetyl dimethicone, alsoreferred to as a liquid silicone wax, may be purchased from Dow Corningas Fluid 2502, or from DeGussa Care & Surface Specialties under thetrade names Abil Wax 9801, or 9814.

(e). Fluorinated Oils

Various types of fluorinated oils may also be suitable for use in thecompositions including but not limited to fluorinated silicones,fluorinated esters, or perfluropolyethers. Particularly suitable arefluorosilicones such as trimethylsilyl endcapped fluorosilicone oil,polytrifluoropropylmethylsiloxanes, and similar silicones such as thosedisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,496 which is hereby incorporated byreference. Perfluoropolyethers include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,183,589, 4,803,067, 5,183,588 all of which are hereby incorporated byreference, which are commercially available from Montefluos under thetrademark Fomblin.

C. Aqueous Phase Structuring Agents

In the case where the compositions are in the form of aqueous solutions,dispersions or emulsions, in addition to water the aqueous phase maycontain one or more aqueous phase structuring agents, that is, an agentthat increases the viscosity or, or thickens, the aqueous phase of thecomposition. This is particularly desirable when the composition is inthe form of a serum or gel. Suitable ranges of aqueous phase structuringagent, if present, are from about 0.01 to 30%, preferably from about 0.1to 20%, more preferably from about 0.5 to 15% by weight of the totalcomposition. Examples of such agents include various acrylate basedthickening agents, natural or synthetic gums, polysaccharides, and thelike, including but not limited to those set forth below.

1. Acrylate Polymers

Also suitable are different types of synthetic polymeric thickeners thatare other than the polymers set forth above. If present, suggestedamounts are from 0.1 to 40%, preferably from about 0.5 to 35%, morepreferably from about 1 to 25%.

One type includes acrylic polymeric thickeners comprised of monomers Aand B wherein A is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid,methacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof; and B is selected from the groupconsisting of a C₁₋₂₂ alkyl acrylate, a C₁₋₂₂ alky methacrylate, andmixtures thereof are suitable. In one embodiment the A monomer comprisesone or more of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and the B monomer isselected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₁₀, most preferably C₁₋₄alkyl acrylate, a C₁₋₁₀, most preferably C₁₋₄ alkyl methacrylate, andmixtures thereof. Most preferably the B monomer is one or more of methylor ethyl acrylate or methacrylate. The acrylic copolymer may be suppliedin an aqueous solution having a solids content ranging from about10-60%, preferably 20-50%, more preferably 25-45% by weight of thepolymer, with the remainder water. The composition of the acryliccopolymer may contain from about 0. 1-99 parts of the A monomer, andabout 0.1-99 parts of the B monomer. Acrylic polymer solutions includethose sold by Seppic, Inc., under the tradename Capigel.

Also suitable are acrylic polymeric thickeners that are copolymer of A,B, and C monomers wherein A and B are as defined above, and C has thegeneral formula:

wherein Z is —(CH₂)_(m); wherein m is 1-10, n is 2-3, o is 2-200, and Ris a C₁₀₋₃₀ straight or branched chain alkyl. Examples of the secondarythickening agent above, are copolymers where A and B are defined asabove, and C is CO, and wherein n, o, and R are as above defined.Examples of such secondary thickening agents includeacrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, which is sold by Rohm &Haas under the tradename Acrysol ICS-1.

Also suitable are acrylate based anionic amphiphilic polymers containingat least one hydrophilic unit and at least one allyl ether unitcontaining a fatty chain. Preferred are those where the hydrophilic unitcontains an ethylenically unsaturated anionic monomer, more specificallya vinyl carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid ormixtures thereof, and where the allyl ether unit containing a fattychain corresponds to the monomer of formula:

CH₂═CR′CH₂OB_(n)R

in which R′ denotes H or CH₃, B denotes the ethylenoxy radical, n iszero or an integer ranging from 1 to 100, R denotes a hydrocarbonradical selected from alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl and cycloalkylradicals which contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to24, and even more particularly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Morepreferred in this case is where R′ denotes H, n is equal to 10 and Rdenotes a stearyl (C 18) radical. Anionic amphiphilic polymers of thistype are described and prepared in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,677,152 and4,702,844, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety. Among these anionic amphiphilic polymers, polymers formed of20 to 60% by weight acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, of 5 to 60% byweight lower alkyl methacrylates, of 2 to 50% by weight allyl ethercontaining a fatty chain as mentioned above, and of 0 to 1% by weight ofa crosslinking agent which is a well-known copolymerizable polyethylenicunsaturated monomer, for instance diallyl phthalate, allyl(meth)acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly)ethylene glycol dimethacrylate andmethylenebisacrylamide. One commercial example of such polymers arecrosslinked terpolymers of methacrylic acid, of ethyl acrylate, ofpolyethylene glycol (having 10 EO units) ether of stearyl alcohol orsteareth-10, in particular those sold by the company Allied Colloidsunder the names SALCARE SC80 and SALCARE SC90, which are aqueousemulsions containing 30% of a crosslinked terpolymer of methacrylicacid, of ethyl acrylate and of steareth-10 allyl ether (40/50/10).

Also suitable are acrylate copolymers such as Polyacrylate-3 which is acopolymer of methacrylic acid, methylmethacrylate, methylstyreneisopropylisocyanate, and PEG-40 behenate monomers; Polyacrylate-10 whichis a copolymer of sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, sodium acrylate,acrylamide and vinyl pyrrolidone monomers; or Polyacrylate-11, which isa copolymer of sodium acryloyldimethylacryloyldimethyl taurate, sodiumacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, butyl acrylate, andacrylamide monomers.

Also suitable are crosslinked acrylate based polymers where one or moreof the acrylic groups may have substituted long chain alkyl (such as6-40, 10-30, and the like) groups, for example acrylates/C₁₀₋₃₀ alkylacrylate crosspolymer which is a copolymer of C10-30 alkyl acrylate andone or more monomers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or one of theirsimple esters crosslinked with the allyl ether of sucrose or the allylether of pentaerythritol. Such polymers are commonly sold under theCarbopol or Pemulen tradenames and have the CTFA name carbomer.

One particularly suitable type of aqueous phase thickening agent areacrylate based polymeric thickeners sold by Clamant under the Aristoflextrademark such as Aristoflex AVC, which is ammoniumacryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer; Aristoflex AVL which is the samepolymer has found in AVC dispersed in mixture containing caprylic/caprictriglyceride, trilaureth-4, and polyglyceryl-2 sesquiisostearate; orAristoflex HMB which is ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25methacrylate crosspolymer, and the like.

2. High Molecular Weight PEG or Polyglycerins

Also suitable as the aqueous phase thickening agents are variouspolyethylene glycols (PEG) derivatives where the degree ofpolymerization ranges from 1,000 to 200,000. Such ingredients areindicated by the designation “PEG” followed by the degree ofpolymerization in thousands, such as PEG-45M, which means PEG having45,000 repeating ethylene oxide units. Examples of suitable PEGderivatives include PEG 2M, 5M, 7M, 9M, 14M, 20M, 23M, 25M, 45M, 65M,90M, 115M, 160M, 180M, and the like.

Also suitable are polyglycerins which are repeating glycerin moietieswhere the number of repeating moieties ranges from 15 to 200, preferablyfrom about 20-100. Examples of suitable polyglycerins include thosehaving the CFTA names polyglycerin-20, polyglycerin-40, and the like.

D. Oil Phase Structuring Agents

In the case where the composition is anhydrous or in the form of anemulsion, it may be desirable to include one or more oil phasestructuring agents in the cosmetic composition. The term “oil phasestructuring agent” means an ingredient or combination of ingredients,soluble or dispersible in the oil phase, which will increase theviscosity, or structure, the oil phase. The structuring agent may bepresent in an amount sufficient to provide a liquid composition withincreased viscosity, a semi-solid, or in some cases a solid compositionthat may be self-supporting. The structuring agent itself may be presentin the liquid, semi-solid, or solid form. Suggested ranges ofstructuring agent are from about 0.01 to 70%, preferably from about 0.05to 50%, more preferably from about 0.1-35% by weight of the totalcomposition. Suitable oil phase structuring agents include those thatare silicone based or organic based. They may be polymers ornon-polymers, synthetic, natural, or a combination of both.

1. Silicone Structuring Agents

A variety of oil phase structuring agents may be silicone based, such assilicone gums, silicone waxes, linear silicones having a degree ofpolymerization that provides the silicone with a degree of viscositysuch that when incorporated into the cosmetic composition it is capableof increasing the viscosity of the oil phase. Examples of siliconestructuring agents include, but are not limited to:

(a). Silicone Gums

Also suitable for use as an oil phase structuring agent are one or moresilicone gums. The term “gum” means a silicone polymer having a degreeof polymerization sufficient to provide a silicone having a gum-liketexture. In certain cases the silicone polymer forming the gum may becrosslinked. The silicone gum typically has a viscosity ranging fromabout 500,000 to 100 million cst at 25° C., preferably from about600,000 to 20 million, more preferably from about 600,000 to 12 millioncst. All ranges mentioned herein include all subranges, e.g. 550,000;925,000; 3.5 million.

The silicone gums that are used in the compositions include, but are notlimited to, those of the general formula wherein:

R₁ to R₉ are each independently an alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms,aryl, or aralkyl; and X is OH or a C₁-₃₀ alkyl, or vinyl; and wherein x,y, or z may be zero with the proviso that no more than two of x, y, or zare zero at any one time, and further that x, y, and z are such that thesilicone gum has a viscosity of at least about 500,000 cst, ranging upto about 100 million centistokes at 25° C. Preferred is where R ismethyl or OH.

Such silicone gums may be purchased in pure form from a variety ofsilicone manufacturers including Wacker-Chemie or Dow Corning, and thelike. Such silicone gums include those sold by Wacker-Belsil under thetrade names CM3092, Wacker-Belsil 1000, or Wacker-Belsil DM 3096. Asilicone gum where X is OH, also referred to as dimethiconol, isavailable from Dow Corning Corporation under the trade name 1401. Thesilicone gum may also be purchased in the form of a solution ordispersion in a silicone compatible vehicle such as volatile ornonvolatile silicone. An example of such a mixture may be purchased fromBarnet Silicones under the HL-88 tradename, having the INCI namedimethicone.

(b). Silicone Waxes

Another type of oily phase structuring agent includes silicone waxesthat are typically referred to as alkyl silicone waxes which aresemi-solids or solids at room temperature. The term “alkyl silicone wax”means a polydimethylsiloxane having a substituted long chain alkyl (suchas C16 to 30) that confers a semi-solid or solid property to thesiloxane. Examples of such silicone waxes include stearyl dimethicone,which may be purchased from DeGussa Care & Surface Specialties under thetradename Abil Wax 9800 or from Dow Corning under the tradename 2503.Another example is bis-stearyl dimethicone, which may be purchased fromGransil Industries under the tradename Gransil A-18, or behenyldimethicone, behenoxy dimethicone.

(c). Polyamides or Silicone Polyamides

Also suitable as oil phase structuring agents are various types ofpolymeric compounds such as polyamides or silicone polyamides.

The term silicone polyamide means a polymer comprised of siliconemonomers and monomers containing amide groups as further describedherein. The silicone polyamide preferably comprises moieties of thegeneral formula:

X is a linear or branched alkylene having from about 1-30 carbon atoms;R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ are each independently C₁₋₃₀ straight or branchedchain alkyl which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl orhalogen groups; phenyl which may be substituted with one or more C₁₋₃₀alkyl groups, halogen, hydroxyl, or alkoxy groups; or a siloxane chainhaving the general formula:

and Y is:

-   -   (a) a linear or branched alkylene having from about 1-40 carbon        atoms which may be substituted with:        -   (i) one or more amide groups having the general formula            R₁CONR₁, or        -   (ii) C₅₋₆ cyclic ring, or        -   (iii) phenylene which may be substituted with one or more            C₁₋₁₀ alkyl groups, or        -   (iv) hydroxy, or        -   (v) C₃₋₈ cycloalkane, or        -   (vi) C₁₋₂₀ alkyl which may be substituted with one or more            hydroxy groups, or        -   (vii) C₁₋₁₀ alkyl amines; or    -   (b) TR₅R₆R₇        -   wherein R₅, R₆, and R₇, are each independently a C₁₋₁₀            linear or branched alkylenes, and T is CR₈ wherein R₈ is            hydrogen, a trivalent atom N, P, or Al, or a C₁₋₃₀ straight            or branched chain alkyl which may be substituted with one or            more hydroxyl or halogen groups; phenyl which may be            substituted with one or more C₁₋₃₀ alkyl groups, halogen,            hydroxyl, or alkoxy groups; or a siloxane chain having the            general formula:

Preferred is where R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ are C₁₋₁₀, preferably methyl; andX and Y is a linear or branched alkylene. Preferred are siliconepolyamides having the general formula:

wherein a and b are each independently sufficient to provide a siliconepolyamide polymer having a melting point ranging from about 60 to 120°C., and a molecular weight ranging from about 40,000 to 500,000 Daltons.One type of silicone polyamide that may be used in the compositions ofthe invention may be purchased from Dow Corning Corporation under thetradename Dow Corning 2-8178 gellant which has the CTFA namenylon-611/dimethicone copolymer which is sold in a compositioncontaining PPG-3 myristyl ether. Also suitable are polyamides such asthose purchased from Arizona Chemical under the tradenames Uniclear andSylvaclear. Such polyamides may be ester terminated or amide terminated.Examples of ester terminated polyamides include, but are not limited tothose having the general formula:

wherein n denotes a number of amide units such that the number of estergroups ranges from about 10% to 50% of the total number of ester andamide groups; each R₁ is independently an alkyl or alkenyl groupcontaining at least 4 carbon atoms; each R₂ is independently a C₄₋₄₂hydrocarbon group, with the proviso that at least 50% of the R₂ groupsare a C30-42 hydrocarbon; each R₃ is independently an organic groupcontaining at least 2 carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and optionally one ormore oxygen or nitrogen atoms; and each R₄ is independently a hydrogenatom, a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group or a direct bond to R₃ or to another R₄, suchthat the nitrogen atom to which R₃ and R₄ are both attached forms partof a heterocyclic structure defined by R₄—N—R₃, with at least 50% of thegroups R₄ representing a hydrogen atom.

General examples of ester and amide terminated polyamides that may beused as oil phase gelling agents include those sold by Arizona Chemicalunder the tradenames Sylvaclear A200V or A2614V, both having the CTFAname ethylenediamine/hydrogenated dimer dilinoleatecopolymer/bis-di-C₁₄₋₁₈ alkyl amide; Sylvaclear AF1900V; Sylvaclear C75Vhaving the CTFA name bis-stearyl ethylenediamine/neopentylglycol/stearyl hydrogenated dimer dilinoleate copolymer; SylvaclearPA1200V having the CTFA name Polyamide-3; Sylvaclear PE400V; SylvaclearWF1500V; or Uniclear, such as Uniclear 100VG having the INCI nameethylenediamine/stearyl dimer dilinoleate copolymer; orethylenediamine/stearyl dimer ditallate copolymer. Other examples ofsuitable polyamides include those sold by Henkel under the Versamidtrademark (such as Versamid 930, 744, 1655), or by Olin MathiesonChemical Corp. under the brand name Onamid S or Onamid C.

(d). Natural or Synthetic Organic Waxes

Also suitable as the oil phase structuring agent may be one or morenatural or synthetic waxes such as animal, vegetable, or mineral waxes.Preferably such waxes will have a higher melting point such as fromabout 50 to 150° C., more preferably from about 65 to 100° C. Examplesof such waxes include waxes made by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, such aspolyethylene or synthetic wax; or various vegetable waxes such asbayberry, candelilla, ozokerite, acacia, beeswax, ceresin, cetyl esters,flower wax, citrus wax, carnauba wax, jojoba wax, japan wax,polyethylene, microcrystalline, rice bran, lanolin wax, mink, montan,bayberry, ouricury, ozokerite, palm kernel wax, paraffin, avocado wax,apple wax, shellac wax, clary wax, spent grain wax, grape wax, andpolyalkylene glycol derivatives thereof such as PEG 6-20 beeswax, orPEG-12 carnauba wax; or fatty acids or fatty alcohols, including estersthereof, such as hydroxystearic acids (for example 12-hydroxy stearicacid), tristearin, tribehenin, and so on.

(e). Montmorillonite Minerals

One type of structuring agent that may be used in the compositioncomprises natural or synthetic montmorillonite minerals such ashectorite, bentonite, and quaternized derivatives thereof, which areobtained by reacting the minerals with a quaternary ammonium compound,such as stearalkonium bentonite, hectorites, quaternized hectorites suchas Quaternium-18 hectorite, attapulgite, carbonates such as propylenecarbonate, bentones, and the like.

(f). Silicas and Silicates

Another type of structuring agent that may be used in the compositionsare silicas, silicates, silica silylate, and alkali metal or alkalineearth metal derivatives thereof. These silicas and silicates aregenerally found in the particulate form and include silica, silicasilylate, magnesium aluminum silicate, and the like.

E. Surfactants

The composition may contain one or more surfactants, especially if inthe emulsion form. However, such surfactants may be used if thecompositions are anhydrous also, and will assist in dispersingingredients that have polarity, for example pigments. Such surfactantsmay be silicone or organic based. The surfactants will aid in theformation of stable emulsions of either the water-in-oil or oil-in-waterform. If present, the surfactant may range from about 0.001 to 30%,preferably from about 0.005 to 25%, more preferably from about 0.1 to20% by weight of the total composition.

1. Silicone Surfactants

Suitable silicone surfactants include polyorganosiloxane polymers thathave amphiphilic properties, for example contain hydrophilic radicalsand lipophilic radicals. These silicone surfactants may be liquids orsolids at room temperature.

(a). Dimethicone Copolyols or Alkyl Dimethicone Copolyols

One type of silicone surfactant that may be used is generally referredto as dimethicone copolyol or alkyl dimethicone copolyol. Thissurfactant is either a water-in-oil or oil-in-water surfactant having anHydrophile/Lipophile Balance (HLB) ranging from about 2 to 18.Preferably the silicone surfactant is a nonionic surfactant having anHLB ranging from about 2 to 12, preferably about 2 to 10, mostpreferably about 4 to 6. The term “hydrophilic radical” means a radicalthat, when substituted onto the organosiloxane polymer backbone, confershydrophilic properties to the substituted portion of the polymer.Examples of radicals that will confer hydrophilicity arehydroxy-polyethyleneoxy, hydroxyl, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.The term “lipophilic radical” means an organic radical that, whensubstituted onto the organosiloxane polymer backbone, confers lipophilicproperties to the substituted portion of the polymer. Examples oforganic radicals that will confer lipophilicity are C₁₋₄₀ straight orbranched chain alkyl, fluoro, aryl, aryloxy, C₁ ₋₄₀ hydrocarbyl acyl,hydroxy-polypropyleneoxy, or mixtures thereof.

One type of suitable silicone surfactant has the general formula:

wherein p is 0-40 (the range including all numbers between and subrangessuch as 2, 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, etc.), and PE is(—C₂H₄O)_(a)—(—C₃H₆O)_(b)—H wherein a is 0 to 25, b is 0-25 with theproviso that both a and b cannot be 0 simultaneously, x and y are eachindependently ranging from 0 to 1 million with the proviso that theyboth cannot be 0 simultaneously. In one preferred embodiment, x, y, z,a, and b are such that the molecular weight of the polymer ranges fromabout 5,000 to about 500,000, more preferably from about 10,000 to100,000, and is most preferably approximately about 50,000 and thepolymer is generically referred to as dimethicone copolyol.

One type of silicone surfactant is wherein p is such that the long chainalkyl is cetyl or lauryl, and the surfactant is called, generically,cetyl dimethicone copolyol or lauryl dimethicone copolyol respectively.

In some cases the number of repeating ethylene oxide or propylene oxideunits in the polymer are also specified, such as a dimethicone copolyolthat is also referred to as PEG-15/PPG-10 dimethicone, which refers to adimethicone having substituents containing 15 ethylene glycol units and10 propylene glycol units on the siloxane backbone. It is also possiblefor one or more of the methyl groups in the above general structure tobe substituted with a longer chain alkyl (e.g. ethyl, propyl, butyl,etc.) or an ether such as methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butylether, and the like.

Examples of silicone surfactants are those sold by Dow Corning under thetradename Dow Corning 3225C Formulation Aid having the CTFA namecyclotetrasiloxane (and) cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-18dimethicone; or 5225C Formulation Aid, having the CTFA namecyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone; or Dow Coming 190Surfactant having the CTFA name PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone; or DowCorning 193 Fluid, Dow Corning 5200 having the CTFA name laurylPEG/PPG-18/18 methicone; or Abil EM 90 having the CTFA name cetylPEG/PPG-14/14 dimethicone sold by Goldschmidt; or Abil EM 97 having theCTFA name bis-cetyl PEG/PPG-14/14 dimethicone sold by Goldschmidt; orAbil WE 09 having the CTFA name cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 dimethicone in amixture also containing polyglyceryl-4 isostearate and hexyl laurate; orKF-6011 sold by Shin-Etsu Silicones having the CTFA name PEG-11 methylether dimethicone; KF-6012 sold by Shin-Etsu Silicones having the CTFAname PEG/PPG-20/22 butyl ether dimethicone; or KF-6013 sold by Shin-EtsuSilicones having the CTFA name PEG-9 dimethicone; or KF-6015 sold byShin-Etsu Silicones having the CTFA name PEG-3 dimethicone; or KF-6016sold by Shin-Etsu Silicones having the CTFA name PEG-9 methyl etherdimethicone; or KF-6017 sold by Shin-Etsu Silicones having the CTFA namePEG-10 dimethicone; or KF-6038 sold by Shin-Etsu Silicones having theCTFA name lauryl PEG-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone.

(b). Crosslinked Silicone Surfactants

Also suitable are various types of crosslinked silicone surfactants thatare often referred to as emulsifying elastomers. They are typicallyprepared as set forth above with respect to the section “siliconeelastomers” except that the silicone elastomers will contain at leastone hydrophilic moiety such as polyoxyalkylenated groups. Typicallythese polyoxyalkylenated silicone elastomers are crosslinkedorganopolysiloxanes that may be obtained by a crosslinking additionreaction of diorganopolysiloxane comprising at least one hydrogen bondedto silicon and of a polyoxyalkylene comprising at least twoethylenically unsaturated groups. In at least one embodiment, thepolyoxyalkylenated crosslinked organo-polysiloxanes are obtained by acrosslinking addition reaction of a diorganopolysiloxane comprising atleast two hydrogens each bonded to a silicon, and a polyoxyalkylenecomprising at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups, optionally inthe presence of a platinum catalyst, as described, for example, in U.S.Pat. No. 5,236,986 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,412,004, U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,793and U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,487, the contents of which are incorporated byreference.

Polyoxyalkylenated silicone elastomers that may be used in at least oneembodiment of the invention include those sold by Shin-Etsu Siliconesunder the names KSG-21, KSG-20, KSG-30, KSG-31, KSG-32, KSG-33; KSG-210which is dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer dispersed in dimethicone;KSG-310 which is PEG-15 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer; KSG-320 whichis PEG-15 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer dispersed in isododecane;KSG-330 (the former dispersed in triethylhexanoin), KSG-340 which is amixture of PEG-10 lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer and PEG-15 lauryldimethicone crosspolymer.

Also suitable are polyglycerolated silicone elastomers like thosedisclosed in PCT/WO 2004/024798, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety. Such elastomers include Shin-Etsu's KSGseries, such as KSG-710 which is dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymerdispersed in dimethicone; or lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3crosspolymer dispersed in a variety of solvent such as isododecane,dimethicone, triethylhexanoin, sold under the Shin-Etsu tradenamesKSG-810, KSG-820, KSG-830, or KSG-840. Also suitable are silicones soldby Dow Corning under the tradenames 9010 and DC9011.

One preferred crosslinked silicone elastomer emulsifier isdimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer, which provides excellent aestheticsdue to its elastomeric backbone, but also surfactancy properties.

(c). Organic Nonionic Surfactants

The composition may comprise one or more nonionic organic surfactants.Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated alcohols, or ethers,formed by the reaction of an alcohol with an alkylene oxide, usuallyethylene or propylene oxide. Preferably the alcohol is either a fattyalcohol having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of such ingredientsinclude Steareth 2-100, which is formed by the reaction of stearylalcohol and ethylene oxide and the number of ethylene oxide units rangesfrom 2 to 100; Beheneth 5-30 which is formed by the reaction of behenylalcohol and ethylene oxide where the number of repeating ethylene oxideunits is 5 to 30; Ceteareth 2-100, formed by the reaction of a mixtureof cetyl and stearyl alcohol with ethylene oxide, where the number ofrepeating ethylene oxide units in the molecule is 2 to 100; Ceteth 1-45which is formed by the reaction of cetyl alcohol and ethylene oxide, andthe number of repeating ethylene oxide units is 1 to 45, and so on.

Other alkoxylated alcohols are formed by the reaction of fatty acids andmono-, di- or polyhydric alcohols with an alkylene oxide. For example,the reaction products of C₆₋₃₀ fatty carboxylic acids and polyhydricalcohols which are monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, methylglucose, and the like, with an alkoxylated alcohol. Examples includepolymeric alkylene glycols reacted with glyceryl fatty acid esters suchas PEG glyceryl oleates, PEG glyceryl stearate; or PEGpolyhydroxyalkanotes such as PEG dipolyhydroxystearate wherein thenumber of repeating ethylene glycol units ranges from 3 to 1000.

Also suitable as nonionic surfactants are formed by the reaction of acarboxylic acid with an alkylene oxide or with a polymeric ether. Theresulting products have the general formula:

where RCO is the carboxylic ester radical, X is hydrogen or lower alkyl,and n is the number of polymerized alkoxy groups. In the case of thediesters, the two RCO-groups do not need to be identical. Preferably, Ris a C6-30 straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl,and n is from 1-100.

Monomeric, homopolymeric, or block copolymeric ethers are also suitableas nonionic surfactants. Typically, such ethers are formed by thepolymerization of monomeric alkylene oxides, generally ethylene orpropylene oxide. Such polymeric ethers have the following generalformula:

wherein R is H or lower alkyl and n is the number of repeating monomerunits, and ranges from 1 to 500.

Other suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated sorbitan andalkoxylated sorbitan derivatives. For example, alkoxylation, inparticular ethoxylation of sorbitan provides polyalkoxylated sorbitanderivatives. Esterification of polyalkoxylated sorbitan providessorbitan esters such as the polysorbates. For example, thepolyalkyoxylated sorbitan can be esterified with C6-30, preferablyC12-22 fatty acids. Examples of such ingredients include Polysorbates20-85, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan palmitate,sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan stearate, and so on.

Certain types of amphoteric, zwitterionic, or cationic surfactants mayalso be used in the compositions. Descriptions of such surfactants areset forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,193, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

F. Sunscreens

It may also be desirable to include one or more sunscreens in thecompositions of the invention. Such sunscreens include chemical UVA orUVB sunscreens or physical sunscreens in the particulate form.

1. UVA Chemical Sunscreens

If desired, the composition may comprise one or more UVA sunscreens. Theterm “UVA sunscreen” means a chemical compound that blocks UV radiationin the wavelength range of about 320 to 400 nm. Preferred UVA sunscreensare dibenzoylmethane compounds having the general formula:

wherein R₁ is H, OR and NRR wherein each R is independently H, C₁₋₂₀straight or branched chain alkyl; R₂ is H or OH; and R₃ is H, C₁₋₂₀straight or branched chain alkyl.

Preferred is where R₁ is OR where R is a C₁₋₂₀ straight or branchedalkyl, preferably methyl; R₂ is H; and R₃ is a C₁₋₂₀ straight orbranched chain alkyl, more preferably, butyl.

Examples of suitable UVA sunscreen compounds of this general formulainclude 4-methyldibenzoylmethane, 2-methyldibenzoylmethane,4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane, 4-tert-butyldibenzoylmethane,2,4-dimethyldibenzoylmethane, 2,5-dimethyldibenzoylmethane,4,4′diisopropylbenzoylmethane, 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane,4,4′-diisopropylbenzoylmethane,2-methyl-5-isopropyl-4′-methoxydibenzoymethane,2-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, and so on.Particularly preferred is 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, alsoreferred to as Avobenzone. Avobenzone is commercial available fromGivaudan-Roure under the trademark Parsol 1789, and Merck & Co. underthe tradename Eusolex 9020.

Other types of UVA sunscreens include dicamphor sulfonic acidderivatives, such as ecamsule, a sunscreen sold under the trade nameMexoryl™, which is terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, having theformula:

The composition may contain from about 0.001-20%, preferably 0.005-5%,more preferably about 0.005-3% by weight of the composition of UVAsunscreen. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the UVAsunscreen is Avobenzone, and it is present at not greater than about 3%by weight of the total composition.

2. UVB Chemical Sunscreens

The term “UVB sunscreen” means a compound that blocks UV radiation inthe wavelength range of from about 290 to 320 nm. A variety of UVBchemical sunscreens exist including alpha-cyano-beta,beta-diphenylacrylic acid esters as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,215,724, which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. One particular exampleof an alpha-cyano-beta,beta-diphenyl acrylic acid ester is Octocrylene,which is 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate. In certain cases thecomposition may contain no more than about 110% by weight of the totalcomposition of octocrylene. Suitable amounts range from about 0.001-10%by weight. Octocrylene may be purchased from BASF under the tradenameUvinul N-539.

Other suitable sunscreens include benzylidene camphor derivatives as setforth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,781,417, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety. Such benzylidene camphor derivatives have thegeneral formula:

wherein R is p-tolyl or styryl, preferably styryl. Particularlypreferred is 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, which is a lipid soluble UVBsunscreen compound sold under the tradename Eusolex 6300 by Merck.

Also suitable are cinnamate derivatives having the general formula:

wherein R and R₁ are each independently a C₁₋₂₀ straight or branchedchain alkyl. Preferred is where R is methyl and R₁ is a branched chainC₁₋₁₀, preferably C₈ alkyl. The preferred compound is ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate, also referred to as Octoxinate or octylmethoxycinnamate. The compound may be purchased from GivaudanCorporation under the tradename Parsol MCX, or BASF under the tradenameUvinul MC 80. Also suitable are mono-, di-, and triethanolaminederivatives of such methoxy cinnamates including diethanolaminemethoxycinnamate. Cinoxate, the aromatic ether derivative of the abovecompound is also acceptable. If present, the Cinoxate should be found atno more than about 3% by weight of the total composition.

Also suitable as UVB screening agents are various benzophenonederivatives having the general formula:

wherein R through R₉ are each independently H, OH, NaO₃S, SO₃H, SO₃Na,Cl, R″, OR″ where R″ is C₁₋₂₀ straight or branched chain alkyl Examplesof such compounds include Benzophenone 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, and 12. Particularly preferred is where the benzophenone derivativeis Benzophenone 3 (also referred to as Oxybenzone), Benzophenone 4 (alsoreferred to as Sulisobenzone), Benzophenone 5 (Sulisobenzone Sodium),and the like. Most preferred is Benzophenone 3.

Also suitable are certain menthyl salicylate derivatives having thegeneral formula:

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ are each independently H, OH, NH₂, or C₁₋₂₀straight or branched chain alkyl. Particularly preferred is where R₁,R₂, and R₃ are methyl and R₄ is hydroxyl or NH₂, the compound having thename homomenthyl salicylate (also known as Homosalate) or menthylanthranilate. Homosalate is available commercially from Merck under thetradename Eusolex HMS and menthyl anthranilate is commercially availablefrom Haarmann & Reimer under the tradename Heliopan. If present, theHomosalate should be found at no more than about 15% by weight of thetotal composition.

Various amino benzoic acid derivatives are suitable UVB absorbersincluding those having the general formula:

wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently H, C₁₋₂₀ straight orbranched chain alkyl which may be substituted with one or more hydroxygroups. Particularly preferred is wherein R₁ is H or C₁₋₈ straight orbranched alkyl, and R₂ and R₃ are H, or C₁₋₈ straight or branched chainalkyl. Particularly preferred are PABA, ethyl hexyl dimethyl PABA(Padimate O), ethyldihydroxypropyl PABA, and the like. If presentPadimate O should be found at no more than about 8% by weight of thetotal composition.

Salicylate derivatives are also acceptable UVB absorbers. Such compoundshave the general formula:

wherein R is a straight or branched chain alkyl, including derivativesof the above compound formed from mono-, di-, or triethanolamines.Particular preferred are octyl salicylate, TEA-salicylate,DEA-salicylate, and mixtures thereof.

Generally, the amount of the UVB chemical sunscreen present may rangefrom about 0.001-45%, preferably 0.005-40%, more preferably about0.01-35% by weight of the total composition.

Also suitable are particulate sunscreens such as zinc oxide or titaniumdioxide, which may have particle sizes ranging from 0.1 to 100 microns.

If desired, the compositions of the invention may be formulated to havea certain SPF (sun protective factor) values ranging from about 1-50,preferably about 2-45, most preferably about 5-30. Calculation of SPFvalues is well known in the art.

G. Particulate Materials

The compositions of the invention may contain particulate materials inthe form of pigments, inert particulates, or mixtures thereof. Ifpresent, suggested ranges are from about 0.01-75%, preferably about0.5-70%, more preferably about 0.1-65% by weight of the totalcomposition. In the case where the composition may comprise mixtures ofpigments and powders, suitable ranges include about 0.01-75% pigment and0.1-75% powder, such weights by weight of the total composition.

1. Powders

The particulate matter may be colored or non-colored (for example white)non-pigmented powders. Suitable non-pigmented powders include bismuthoxychloride, titanated mica, fumed silica, spherical silica,polymethylmethacrylate, micronized teflon, boron nitride, acrylatecopolymers, aluminum silicate, aluminum starch octenylsuccinate,bentonite, calcium silicate, cellulose, chalk, corn starch, diatomaceousearth, fuller's earth, glyceryl starch, hectorite, hydrated silica,kaolin, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium trisilicate,maltodextrin, montmorillonite, microcrystalline cellulose, rice starch,silica, talc, mica, titanium dioxide, zinc laurate, zinc myristate, zincrosinate, alumina, attapulgite, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate,dextran, kaolin, nylon, silica silylate, silk powder, sericite, soyflour, tin oxide, titanium hydroxide, trimagnesium phosphate, walnutshell powder, or mixtures thereof. The above mentioned powders may besurface treated with lecithin, amino acids, mineral oil, silicone, orvarious other agents either alone or in combination, which coat thepowder surface and render the particles more lipophilic in nature.

2. Pigments

The particulate materials may comprise various organic and/or inorganicpigments. The organic pigments are generally various aromatic typesincluding azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane, anthroquinone, and xanthinedyes which are designated as D&C and FD&C blues, browns, greens,oranges, reds, yellows, etc. Organic pigments generally consist ofinsoluble metallic salts of certified color additives, referred to asthe Lakes. Inorganic pigments include iron oxides, ultramarines,chromium, chromium hydroxide colors, and mixtures thereof. Iron oxidesof red, blue, yellow, brown, black, and mixtures thereof are suitable.

H. Preservatives

The composition may contain 0.001-8%, preferably 0.01-6%, morepreferably 0.05-5% by weight of the total composition of preservatives.A variety of preservatives are suitable, including such as benzoic acid,benzyl alcohol, benzylhemiformal, benzylparaben,5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, butylparaben, phenoxyethanol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, diazolidinylurea, calcium benzoate, calcium propionate, caprylyl glycol, biguanidederivatives, phenoxyethanol, captan, chlorhexidine diacetate,chlorhexidine digluconate, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride,chloroacetamide, chlorobutanol, p-chloro-m-cresol, chlorophene,chlorothymol, chloroxylenol, m-cresol, o-cresol, DEDM Hydantoin, DEDMHydantoin dilaurate, dehydroacetic acid, diazolidinyl urea,dibromopropamidine diisethionate, DMDM Hydantoin, and the like. In onepreferred embodiment the composition is free of parabens.

I. Vitamins and Antioxidants

The compositions of the invention may contain vitamins and/or coenzymes,as well as antioxidants. If so, 0.001-10%, preferably 0.01-8%, morepreferably 0.05-5% by weight of the total composition is suggested.Suitable vitamins include ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof such asascorbyl palmitate, tetrahexydecyl ascorbate, and so on; the B vitaminssuch as thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxin, and so on, as well as coenzymessuch as thiamine pyrophoshate, flavin adenin dinucleotide, folic acid,pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolic acid, and so on. Also Vitamin A andderivatives thereof are suitable. Examples are retinyl palmitate,retinol. retinoic acid, as well as Vitamin A in the form of betacarotene. Also suitable is Vitamin E and derivatives thereof such asVitamin E acetate, nicotinate, or other esters thereof. In addition,Vitamins D and K are suitable.

Suitable antioxidants are ingredients which assist in preventing orretarding spoilage. Examples of antioxidants suitable for use in thecompositions of the invention are potassium sulfite, sodium bisulfite,sodium erythrobate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, propylgallate, cysteine hydrochloride, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylatedhydroxyanisole, and so on.

VI. The Form of the Compositions

The compositions may be in the form of anhydrous compositions,solutions, or emulsions in water-in-oil or oil-in-water form. Thecompositions may be liquid, solid, or semi-solid. If in the form ofemulsions, from about 0.1 to 80% water and from about 0.1 to 80% watermay be present. If in the anhydrous form the compositions typicallycontain oil and other ingredients such as powders, pigments, oils, orstructuring agents. If in the solution form the compositions containfrom about 0.1 to 80% water and other water soluble or dispersibleingredients.

The compositions may be in the form of those applied to skin such ascreams, lotions, serums, gels, etc., or color cosmetics such asfoundations, concealers, eye shadow, eye liner, mascara, blush,lipstick, lip gloss, and the like.

The compositions may also be in the form of hair care products such asshampoos, conditioners, styling products and the like. Also suitableforms include nail care products such as gels, cuticle creams, and thelike.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention the composition is a skincream comprising:

10-85% water,

0.5-10% Polymer, 1-25% moisturizer selected from the group consisting ofurea, hydroxyethyl urea, glycerin, shea butter, myristyl myristate,pentaerythrityl distearate, acetylated glycol stearate, sodium stearoylglutamate, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated lecithin, pentyleneglycol, glucose, dimethicone, sodium hyaluronate, VP/VA copolymer,Ceramide III, amodimethicone, and mixtures thereof;

0.5-20% of a silicone elastomer, preferably dimethicone/vinyldimethicone crosspolymer or vinyl dimethicone/methicone/silsesquioxanecopolymer; and

0.1-5% of a botanical extract, preferably Alcaligenes polysaccharide,Laminaria digitata extract, Hypnea musciformis extract, algae extract,and mixtures thereof.

In another preferred embodiment the composition is a primer compositionin oil in water emulsion form for application to skin or under eye areato reduce appearance of defects such as dark under eye circlescomprising:

10-80% water,

1-35% Polymer,

1-20% glycerin,

1-20% of a fluorinated hydrocarbon preferably selected from the groupconsisting of perfluorodecalin, methyl perflurobutyl ether,perfluorohexane and mixtures thereof;

1-20% silicone elastomer, preferably selected from the group consistingdimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer or vinyldimethicone/methylsilsesquioxane copolymer,

0.1-10% botanical extract,

0.5-20% nonionic surfactant; and

1-35% particulates comprising pigments and powders.

In another preferred embodiment the composition is a primer that changescolor upon application to skin from a first resting color to a secondapplication color, comprising:

10-85% water,

1-20% glycerin,

0.5-20% Polymer,

2-25% low viscosity evaporable liquid, preferably a volatile silicone,hydrocarbon, or perfluorinated ingredient,

0.01-20% of water soluble pigment, preferably galactoarabinan coatedpigments, and

Optionally 0.01-5% of a ceramide; and

Optionally from 0.5 to 15% of a silicone elastomer.

In another preferred embodiment the composition is an aqueous basedsolid stick that optionally cools the skin upon application, comprising:

1-25% glycerin,

1-15% silicone elastomer,

0.5 to 20% Polymer,

0.1 to 5% sugar alcohol such as sorbitol,

0.5 to 10% of a humectants such as butylene or propylene glycol.

In another preferred embodiment the composition is a serum comprising:

5-90% water,

3-25% glycerin,

0.5-20% Polymer,

0.5-20% silicone, preferably dimethicone,

0.1-15% humectants, preferably butylene glycol,

0.1-10% sodium hyaluronate,

0.1-5% sugar alcohol such as sorbitol,

0.1-5% sugar; and

0.001-5% ceramide.

In another preferred embodiment the composition is a cream or lotion inoil in water emulsion form comprising:

1-85% water,

0.1-25% Polymer,

0.1-20% silicone elastomer,

0.1-10% humectant such as butylene glycol or trehalose,

Optionally 0.1-10% Polyquaternium-41,

Optionally 0.1-10% sugar (such as glucose, fructose, etc.)

Optionally 0.01-10% botanical extract.

In addition to the above, the compositions of the invention can exist ina variety of other forms, such as emulsions, suspensions, dispersions,solutions, and anhydrous compositions.

VII. The Methods of the Composition

A. Method for Moisturizing and/or Blurring the Appearance of SkinDefects

The composition of the invention may be used in a method formoisturizing a keratin surface and/or blurring the appearance of defectsthereon, preferably by de-glossing, by topically applying to a surfacein need of moisturization or having defects that need to be blurred, acomposition containing the Polymer. In the method the compositioncontaining the Polymer may be applied to the desired keratin surface oneor more times per day and in the form of a cream, lotion, gel, oranhydrous product. Preferably the composition is aqueous based and thekeratin surface is skin. When the composition is applied it willmoisturize skin and provide excellent blurring of skin defects such asdepressions, uneven pigmentation, blemishes, scars, and the like.Example 3 demonstrates that the invention composition and Polymerprovides superior moisturization when compared with commerciallyavailable gold standard moisturizers. Examples 4, 5, and 6 demonstratethat Polymer has optimal activity in blurring the appearance of skindefects, for example, by de-glossing.

B. Method for Reducing Pore Size

The composition is also effective in reducing the size of Pores, asestablished in Example 7. The composition may be topically applied oneor more times per day, either alone or in combination with other skintreatment products such as skin cleaners, toners, serums, and the like,using compositions like those set forth herein. The compositiondemonstrated improvement in the reduction of pore size by 32% afterimmediate application.

C. Method for Improving Appearance of Lines & Wrinkles

The composition is also effective in reducing the appearance of linesand wrinkles as evidenced by the clinical studies set forth in Example8, when topically applied one or more times per day. The composition ofthe invention showed significant improvement in the appearance of linesand wrinkles after immediate application and after 2, 4, 6, and 8 hourswhen compared with the commercial product Estee Lauder PerfectionistCP+.

The invention will be further described in connection with the followingexamples which are set forth for the purpose of illustration only.

EXAMPLE 1

A skin care composition in accordance with the invention was made asfollows:

Ingredient % by weight Water QS100 Glycerin (moisturizer) 10.15Polyacrylate crosspolymer-7 (polymer) 4.25 Shea butter (moisturizer)3.18 Vinyl dimethicone/methicone/silsesquioxane copolymer 3.00 (siliconeelastomer) Hydroxyethyl urea (moisturizer) 2.50 Myristyl myristate(moisturizer) 2.00 Pentaerythrityl distearate (moisturizer) 2.00Acetylated glycol stearate (moisturizer) 1.00 Sodium stearoyl glutamate(moisturizer) 0.50 Hydrogenated polyisobutene (moisturizer) 0.38Hydrogenated lecithin (moisturizer) 0.30 Adipic acid/neopentylglycolcrosspolymer 0.30 Pentylene glycol (moisturizer) 0.35 Caprylyl glycol(preservative) 0.10 Alcaligenes polysaccharides (botanical extract) 0.10Glucose (moisturizer) 0.10 Dimethicone (moisturizer) 0.05 DipotassiumEDTA (preservative) 0.05 Sodium hyaluronate (moisturizer) 0.04Phenoxyethanol (preservative) 0.04 Squalane (moisturizer) 0.03 Laminariadigitata extract (botanical extract) 0.02 VP/VA copolymer (moisturizer)0.008 Ceramide III (moisturizer) 0.004 Amodimethicone (moisturizer)0.003 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.003 Sodium chloride 0.001Chlorophenesin (preservative) 0.0008 Citric acid (preservative) 0.0001Glucose oxidase (preservative) 0.00008 Lactoperoxidase (preservative)0.00008

The composition was prepared by separately combining the aqueous phaseand oil phase ingredients, then mixing well to emulsify into an oil inwater emulsion.

EXAMPLE 2

Primer compositions for use under facial or eye makeup were prepared asfollows:

Ingredients % by weight WATER\AQUA\EAU QS100 QS100 QS100 GLYCERIN 15.6015.60 15.60 METHYL PERFLUOROBUTYL ETHER 10.00 10.00 PERFLUOROHEXANE —8.15 PERFLUORODECALIN 1.05 PERFLUOROCYCLOMETHYL- 0.80 PENTANE IRONOXIDES 10.22 0.28 0.11 DIMETHICONE/VINYL 3.95 3.95 3.95 DIMETHICONECROSSPOLYMER DIMETHICONE 3.75 3.75 3.75 MANGIFERA INDICA (MANGO) SEED3.00 2.00 3.00 BUTTER POLYACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER-7 2.99 2.99 2.99HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENE 1.50 1.50 1.50 HYDROGENATED LECITHIN 1.201.20 1.20 TITANIUM DIOXIDE (CI 77891) 1.11 1.64 1.92 PENTYLENE GLYCOL1.00 1.00 1.00 BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA 0.70 0.70 0.70 BUTTER) PEG-10DIMETHICONE 0.50 0.50 0.50 GALACTOARABINAN 0.32 0.05 0.05 PHENOXYETHANOL0.28 0.30 SODIUM POLYACRYLATE STARCH 0.15 0.15 0.15 LAURETH-9 0.15 0.150.15 LAURETH-23 0.10 0.10 0.10 GLUCOSE 0.10 0.10 0.10 SQUALANE 0.10 0.10SODIUM BENZOATE 0.03 0.03 0.03 LAMINARIA DIGITATA EXTRACT 0.02 0.02 0.02CERAMIDE 3 0.02 0.02 0.02 CITRIC ACID 0.01 0.005 0.005 SODIUM CHLORIDE0.001 0.001 TOCOPHEROL 0.0005 0.0005 CAPRYLYL GLYCOL 0.10 GLUCOSEOXIDASE 0.00008 0.0008

Compositions were prepared by combining ingredients and mixing well toform an emulsion.

EXAMPLE 3

Skin treatment compositions were prepared as follows:

% by weight Ingredients Stick Cream Lotion Serum Water QS100 QS100 QS100QS100 Glycerin 10.00 15.00 16.33 15.00 Acetylated glycol stearate 3.00Dimethicone/vinyl 8.10 1.72 2.22 dimethicone crosspolymer Dimethicone1.76 5.10 1.00 Jojoba seed oil 2.00 Polysilicone 22 2.00 Trehalose 0.53Dimethicone crosspolymer 0.20 0.20 Vinyl dimethicone/methyl 3.00 3.00silsesquioxane copolymer Myristyl myristate 1.75 Hydrogenatedpolyisobutene 0.15 0.30 Urea 0.30 Hydrogenated lecithin 0.12 0.24 Sheabutter 1.57 0.14 Mango seed butter 1.50 Sodium stearoyl glutamate 0.50Silica 4.08 HDI trimethylolhexyllactone 3.92 crosspolymer Butyleneglycol 3.10 2.55 2.00 Caprylyl methicone 3.00 2.00 Sodium stearate 2.50Propanediol 2.00 Bis-PEG methyl ether 2.00 dimethylsilane Sorbitol 0.700.35 0.35 Sodium PCA 0.33 Lauryl PEG-9 polydimethyl 0.50 0.30 siloxanePhenoxyethanol 0.60 0.10 0.10 Hypnea musciformis (Algae) 0.52 0.76 0.260.26 extract PEG-150 distearate 0.50 Beeswax 0.06 0.08 Sodiumhyaluronate 0.05 0.09 0.10 Laureth-9 0.45 0.09 0.10 Gellidiella acerosaextract 0.37 0.19 0.19 0.10 Caprylyl glycol 0.30 Laureth-23 0.30 0.060.06 Polyquaternium-41 0.03 Sodium citrate 0.30 Caffeine 0.20 0.20 0.200.20 Glucose 0.10 0.10 0.10 Pentylene glycol 0.10 0.20 Algae extract0.50 0.50 Polyacrylate crosspolymer-7 0.10 4.23 4.23 4.23 PEG-11 methylether 0.50 0.50 dimethicone Sucrose 0.50 Sodium benzoate 0.08 0.015Matricaria extract 0.007 0.007 0.001 Chamomile extract 0.007 Squalane0.01 0.02 Disodium EDTA 0.05 Laminaria digitata 0.02 0.02 0.02 Silica0.02 0.02 Silica silylate 0.02 0.02 Alicaligenes polysaccharide 0.020.02 0.08 0.08 Citric acid 0.015 0.003 Ceramide-3 0.002 0.003 Sodiumchloride 0.001 0.001 Preservatives 0.10 0.10 0.10

The compositions were prepared by combining the ingredients and mixingwell to emulsify.

EXAMPLE 4

The composition of Example 1 (“Formula 1”) was tested against twocommercial skin care products to determine water loss over time afterapplication to skin.

Formula 2 was Clinique® Moisture Surge Extended Thirst Relief, acommercial product having an ingredient list as set forth below.

-   Water, cyclopentasiloxane, butylene glycol, glycerin, Betula alba    (birch) bark extract, Silybum marianum (lady's thistle) extract,    Camellia sinensis (green tea) leaf extract, Saccharomyces lysate    extract, sucrose, Aloe barbadensis leaf water, trehalose,    hydroxyethyl urea, Thermus thermophillus ferment, sorbitol,    oleth-10, tromethamine, caffeine, hydrogenated lecithin, sodium    hyaluronate, tocopheryl acetate, palmitoyl oligopeptide, caprylyl    glycol, dimethicone, glyceryl polymethacrylate, PEG-8, ammonium    acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate,    carbomer, hexylene glycol, disodium edta, phenoxyethanol, red 4 (ci    14700), yellow 5 (ci 19140).

Formula 3 was Estee Lauder [CP+] Targeted Deep Wrinkle Filler, acommercial product having an ingredient list as set forth below.

-   Cyclopentasiloxane, water, Polysilicone-11, dimethicone,    HDI/trimethylol hexyllactone crosspolymer, silica, butylene glycol,    yeast extract, Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Morus nigra    (Mulberry) root extract, Siegesbeckia orientalis (St. Paul's Wort)    extract, Salvia sclarea (Clary) extract, Vitis vinifera (Grape)    fruit extract, Hordeum vulgare (Barley) extract, Chamomilla recutita    (Matricaria) flower extract, Triticum vulgare (Wheat) germ extract,    Zea mays (Corn) kernel extract, Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) root    extract, Narcissus tazetta bulb extract, Boswellia serrata extract,    Silybum marianum (Lady's Thistle) extract, Fish (Pisces) collagen,    Polysorbate 40, Ethylhexyl glycerin, Caffeine, Cholesterol,    Hydrolyzed fish (Pisces) collagen, Pentylene glycol, Whey protein,    Pantethine, Creatine, Glycine soja (Soybean) protein, glycerin,    PEG-10 dimethicone, Sodium PCA, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP    copolymer, Linoleic acid, Glyceryl polymethacrylate,    Polyquatemium-51, Squalan, Propylene glycol dicaprate, Acetyl    carnitine HCL, Acetyl hexapeptide-8, Phytosphingosine, Sodium    hyaluronate, Adenosin phosphate, Aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate,    PEG-8, Disodium distyrylbiphenyl disulfonate, Lecithin, Palmitoyl    oligopeptide, Disodium NADH, Caprylyl glycol, Decarboxyl carnosine    HCL, Laurdimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Sodium    beta-sitosteryl sulfate, fragrance, sodium chondroitan sulfate,    tocopheryl acetate, hexylene glycol, hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium    chloride, xanthan gum, disodium EDTA, phenoxyethanol, titanium    dioxide (CI 77891), Mica.

A moisturizing test on Formulas 1, 2, and 3 was performed by weighing a20 mg sample of each composition and applying it to a 1×1 inch area onthe outer side of the test subject's forearm. A reading was taken at 1,3, and 5 hours using a Nova Meter DPM9003 with a 1 cm. diameter probe.The results are as set forth in FIG. 1.

The composition of the invention provided significantly improvedmoisturization when compared to Formulas 2 and 3.

EXAMPLE 5

Gloss was measured immediately, at 1 minute, and at 5 minutes by drawing2 mil films of Formulas 1, 2, and 3 down on a microscopy slide (75x50x1mm) using a Multiple Clearance Square Applicator (P.G.&T.Co. #3). Glossof the film was measured using a BYK-Garner micro-TRI gloss meter. Theresults are as set forth in FIG. 2.

The gloss reading of Formula 1 of the invention was the lowest, thusillustrating the blurring effect of the composition on facial skinirregularities.

EXAMPLE 6

The gloss of Polyacrylate crosspolymer-7 and Sodium polyacrylate werecomparatively tested using the same procedure set forth in Example 3.The Sodium polyacrylate was purchased from Cognis Corporation under theCosmedia SP trade name. Test samples were prepared as follows:

Ingredient Sample 1 Sample 2 DI water 69.3 73.3 Glycerin 25 25Phenoxyethanol 0.7 0.7 Polyacrylate crosspolymer-7 5 — SodiumPolyacrylate* — 1 *Cosmedia SP Cognis Corporation

Gloss readings were measured immediately, and after 1 and 5 minutes withthe gloss meter. The results are as follows:

60 degree gloss 60 degree gloss 60 degree gloss Sample @ Immediate @ 1min @ 5 min 1 18.3 26.8 38.4 2 101 104 66.5

The above results demonstrate that Formula 1, the composition of theinvention, is significantly less glossy when topically applied (e.g.improved de-glossing) than the comparative composition.

EXAMPLE 7

A composition was prepared as follows:

Ingredient % by weight Water QS100 Glycerin 15.60 Perfluorohexane 8.15Dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer 3.95 Dimethicone 3.75Polyacrylate crosspolymer-7 2.99 Mangifera indicia seed butter 2.00Hydrogenated polyisobutene 1.50 Hydrogenated lecithin 1.20Perfluorodecalin 1.05 Pentylene glycol 1.00 Perfluoromethyl cyclopentane0.80 Shea butter 0.70 PEG-10 dimethicone 0.50 Laureth-9 0.15 Sodiumpolyacrylate starch 0.15 Laureth-23 0.10 Caprylyl glycol 0.10 Squalane0.10 Glucose 0.10 Sodium benzoate 0.03 Laminaria digitata extract 0.02Ceramide-3 0.018 Citric acid 0.005 Sodium chloride 0.001 Tocopherol0.0005 Lactoperoxidase 0.0008 Glucose oxidase 0.0008

The composition was prepared by combining the ingredients and mixingwell to form an emulsion. The composition was tested on 25 adult womenwho had visible pores and had not been using retinoids or alpha hydroxyacid products in the previous 6 months or been subject to cosmeticprocedures. The women were instructed to apply the composition one timewhen present at the testing facility.

The composition was tested on 25 female panelists between the ages of 20and 63 years of age. The panelists were instructed to arrive at the testcenter with a clean face having no applied products. They wereinstructed to apply the above product to the face one time.

Digital Photography via Canfield's VISIA-CR™ Facial Imaging—

The efficacy of the applied product was determined by photographing thepanelists after application of the product with the Canfield VISIA-CR™facial imaging system to produce high resolution reproducible facialimages to facilitate clinical evaluations of various skin features(Canfield Scientific; Dermatologic Clinics; 14, 713-721; 1996).

To evaluate the immediate reduction in the appearance of pores, photoswere taken using the Canfield Visia-CR Facial Imaging System utilizingthe standard lighting template which captured panelists' images as theywould appear in normal daylight. Panelists' heads were placed in thehead rest to ensure reproducibility of positioning. One standardphotograph of the face was taken and analyzed using the Image Pro 6.0image analysis program. The appearance of pores was assessed by beexamining changes in area before and after product use. A decrease inthe area represents a reduction in pore size. The results showed a 32%reduction in the size and appearance of pores among all panelistscollectively after immediate application of the composition. Thus thecomposition of the invention has efficacy in reducing pore size.

While the invention has been described in connection with the preferredembodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention tothe particular form set forth but, on the contrary, it is intended tocover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may beincluded within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by theappended claims.

1. A method for simultaneously moisturizing and blurring the appearanceof defects by de-glossing a keratin surface comprising topicallyapplying to a surface having defects and/or in need of moisturization acomposition containing a polymer which is the reaction product of (a),(b), and (c): wherein (a) is: M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M^(PE) _(h)M^(E)_(k)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-1)D^(PE) _(i)D^(E) _(l)T_(e)T^(H) _(f-j-m)T^(PE)_(j)T^(E) _(m)Q_(g); and wherein (b) is: a stoichiometric orsuper-stoichiometric quantity of acrylate; and wherein (c) is: a freeradical initiator; and wherein M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2); M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);M^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O—)R¹³R¹²)SiO_(1/2);M^(E)=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2);D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2;)D^(PE)=R⁸(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)R¹²)SiO_(2/2;)D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2;)T^(H)=HSiO_(3/2);T^(PE)=(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C⁴H⁸O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(3/2);T^(E)=(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(3/2); and Q=SiO_(4/2);wherein: R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R¹⁹ are each independentlyselected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1to 60 carbon atoms; R⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ isa divalent alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbons; R¹¹ is selected from thegroup of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—, —C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O;R¹² is H, a monofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, oracetyl; R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently selectedfrom the group of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals havingfrom one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbonradical having from one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalenthydrocarbon radical having from one to sixty carbon atoms; and thesubscripts a, b, or c is positive and has a value ranging from about 5to about 1,000; the subscript d is positive and has a value ranging fromabout 3 to about 400; the subscript e is zero or positive and has avalue ranging from 0 to about 50; the subscript f is zero or positiveand has a value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript g is zero orpositive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 20; the subscript h iszero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 2; thesubscript i is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about200; the subscript j is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0to about 30; the subscript k is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 2; the subscript l is zero or positive and has a valueranging from 0 to about 200; the subscript m is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript n is zero or one; thesubscript o is zero or one; the subscript p is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that(p+q+r)>0; the subscript q is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; thesubscript r is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; the subscript s is zero orone; the subscript t is zero or one; and and wherein the compositioncontaining the polymer exhibits improved moisturization and/or blurringof skin defects when compared to the same composition not containing thepolymer.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the keratin surface is skin orhair.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymer (a) is M_(a)M^(H)_(b)D_(c)D^(H) _(d), wherein M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2); M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2) with R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷,and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group of monovalenthydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, where thesubscripts a, b, c and d are zero or positive; and then is reacted underhydrosilylation conditions with olefinic polyether having the formula:CH═CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹² whereR⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ is a divalent alkylradical of 1 to 6 carbons where the subscript n may be 0 or 1; R¹¹ isselected from the group of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—,—C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O— where the subscript o may be 0 or 1; R¹² is H, amonofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, or acetyl and thesubscripts p, q and r are zero or positive.
 4. The method of claim 3wherein the polymer is a terpolymer having the formula:M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h)M^(PE) _(e)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i)D^(PE) _(f) where thesuperscript PE indicates polyether substitution, withM^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o-)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(1/2)andD^(PE)=R₈(—CH₂CH(R⁹(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R_(y)¹ ²)SiO_(2/2) wherein the terpolymer is reacted with an olefinic epoxideor oxirane of the formula:

R¹⁷R¹⁸C═CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴, where R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ andR¹⁸ are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen andmonovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from one to sixty carbon atoms,Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbon radical having from one to sixtycarbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from one tosixty carbon atoms with the subscripts s and t independently zero. 5.The method of claim 4 wherein the polymer is: M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M_(e)^(PE)M^(E) _(g)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE) _(f)D^(E) _(j), where thesuperscript E indicates epoxide or oxirane substitution, withME=R^(r)R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2)D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2)
 6. The methodof claim 5 wherein the keratin surface is skin.
 7. The method of claim 1wherein the composition contains at least one additional moisturizerthat improves moisturization of the composition and improves ormaintains the same de-glossing when compared to the composition notcontaining the additional moisturizer.
 8. The method of claim 1 whereinthe composition is in the form of a skin cream, lotion, beauty balm,foundation, or concealer.
 9. A method for reducing the size of pores onskin by topically applying to a skin surface having enlarged pores acomposition containing a polymer which is the reaction product of (a),(b), and (c): wherein (a) is: M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M^(PE) _(h)M^(E)_(k)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE) _(i)D^(E) _(l)T_(e)T^(H) _(f-j-m)T^(PE)_(j)T^(E) _(m)Q_(g); and wherein (b) is: a stoichiometric orsuper-stoichiometric quantity of acrylate; and wherein (c) is: a freeradical initiator; and wherein M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2); M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);M^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)—R¹²)SiO_(1/2);M^(E)=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2;)D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2;)D^(PE)=R⁸(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)R¹²)SiO_(2/2;)D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2;)T^(H)=HSiO_(3/2);T^(PE)=(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C⁴H⁸O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(3/2);T^(E)=(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(3/2); and Q=SiO_(4/2);wherein: R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R¹⁹ are each independentlyselected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1to 60 carbon atoms; R⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹° isa divalent alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbons; R¹¹ is selected from thegroup of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—, —C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O;R¹² is H, a monofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, oracetyl; R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently selectedfrom the group of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals havingfrom one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbonradical having from one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalenthydrocarbon radical having from one to sixty carbon atoms; and thesubscripts a, b, or c is positive and has a value ranging from about 5to about 1,000; the subscript d is positive and has a value ranging fromabout 3 to about 400; the subscript e is zero or positive and has avalue ranging from 0 to about 50; the subscript f is zero or positiveand has a value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript g is zero orpositive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 20; the subscript h iszero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 2; thesubscript i is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about200; the subscript j is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0to about 30; the subscript k is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 2; the subscript 1 is zero or positive and has a valueranging from 0 to about 200; the subscript m is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript n is zero or one; thesubscript o is zero or one; the subscript p is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that(p+q+r)>0; the subscript q is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; thesubscript r is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; the subscript s is zero orone; the subscript t is zero or one; and and wherein the compositioncontaining the polymer reduces the size of skin pores when compared tothe same composition not containing the Polymer.
 10. The method of claim9 wherein the polymer (a) is M_(a)M^(H) _(b)D_(c)D^(H) _(d), whereinM=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2); M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2); D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); andD^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2) with R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are eachindependently selected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicalshaving from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, where the subscripts a, b, c and d arezero or positive; and then is reacted under hydrosilylation conditionswith olefinic polyether having the formula:CH═CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹² whereR⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ is a divalent alkylradical of 1 to 6 carbons where the subscript n may be 0 or 1; R¹¹ isselected from the group of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—,—C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O— where the subscript o may be 0 or 1; R¹² is H, amonofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, or acetyl and thesubscripts p, q and r are zero or positive.
 11. The method of claim 10wherein the polymer is a terpolymer having the formula:M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h)M^(PE) _(e)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i)D^(PE) _(f) where thesuperscript PE indicates polyether substitution, withM^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o-)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(1/2)andD^(PE)=R₈(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R_(y)¹ ²)SiO_(2/2) wherein the terpolymer is reacted with an olefinic epoxideor oxirane of the formula:

R¹⁷R¹⁸C═CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴, where R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ andR¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently selected from thegroup of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from one tosixty carbon atoms, Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbon radicalhaving from one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalent hydrocarbonradical having from one to sixty carbon atoms with the subscripts s andt independently zero.
 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the polymer is:M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M_(e) ^(PE)M^(E) _(g)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE)_(f)D^(E) _(j), where the superscript E indicates epoxide or oxiranesubstitution, withME=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2)D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2)
 13. A methodfor reducing the appearance of lines and wrinkles on skin by topicallyapplying a composition which is the reaction product of (a), (b), and(c): wherein (a) is: M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M^(PE) _(h)M^(E) _(k)D_(c)D^(H)_(d-i-l)D^(PE) _(i)D^(E) _(l)T_(e)T^(H) _(f-j-m)T^(PE) _(j)T^(E)_(m)Q_(g); and wherein (b) is: a stoichiometric or super-stoichiometricquantity of acrylate; and wherein (c) is: a free radical initiator; andwherein M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2); M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);M^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)—R¹²)SiO_(1/2);M^(E)=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2;)D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2;)D^(PE)=R⁸(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)R¹²)SiO_(2/2;)D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2;)T^(H)=HSiO_(3/2);T^(PE)=(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C⁴H⁸O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(3/2);T^(E)=(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(3/2); and Q=SiO_(4/2);wherein: R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R¹⁹ are each independentlyselected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1to 60 carbon atoms; R⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ isa divalent alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbons; R¹¹ is selected from thegroup of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—, —C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O;R¹² is H, a monofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, oracetyl; R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently selectedfrom the group of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals havingfrom one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbonradical having from one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalenthydrocarbon radical having from one to sixty carbon atoms; and thesubscripts a, b, or c is positive and has a value ranging from about 5to about 1,000; the subscript d is positive and has a value ranging fromabout 3 to about 400; the subscript e is zero or positive and has avalue ranging from 0 to about 50; the subscript f is zero or positiveand has a value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript g is zero orpositive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 20; the subscript h iszero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 2; thesubscript i is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about200; the subscript j is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0to about 30; the subscript k is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 2; the subscript 1 is zero or positive and has a valueranging from 0 to about 200; the subscript m is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript n is zero or one; thesubscript o is zero or one; the subscript p is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that(p+q+r)>0; the subscript q is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; thesubscript r is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; the subscript s is zero orone; the subscript t is zero or one; and Wherein the compositioncontaining the polymer improves the appearance of lines and wrinkleswhen compared to the same composition not containing the polymer. 12.The method of claim 11 wherein the polymer (a) is M_(a)M^(H)_(b)D_(c)D^(H) _(d;) wherein M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2); M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);D⁼R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2) with R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷,and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group of monovalenthydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, where thesubscripts a, b, c and d are zero or positive; and then is reacted underhydrosilylation conditions with olefinic polyether having the formula:CH═CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹² whereR⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ is a divalent alkylradical of 1 to 6 carbons where the subscript n may be 0 or 1; R¹¹ isselected from the group of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—,—C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O— where the subscript o may be 0 or 1; R¹² is H, amonofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, or acetyl and thesubscripts p, q and r are zero or positive.
 13. The method of claim 12wherein the polymer is a terpolymer having the formula:M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h)M^(PE) _(e)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i)D^(PE) _(f) where thesuperscript PE indicates polyether substitution, withM^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o-)(C₂H₄O)_(o-)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(1/2)andD^(PE)=R₈(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)RE_(y)¹ ²)SiO_(2/2) wherein the terpolymer is reacted with an olefinic epoxideor oxirane of the formula:

R¹⁷R¹⁸C═CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴, where R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ andR¹⁸ are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen andmonovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from one to sixty carbon atoms,Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbon radical having from one to sixtycarbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from one tosixty carbon atoms with the subscripts s and t independently zero. 14.The method of claim 13 wherein the polymer is: M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M_(e)^(PE)M^(E) _(g)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE) _(f)D^(E) _(j), where thesuperscript E indicates epoxide or oxirane substitution, withME=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2)D^(E)—R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2)
 15. A methodfor treating skin to provide at least two benefits selected from thegroup: (a) moisturizing, (b) blurring the appearance of skin defects,(c) reducing pore size, (d) improving the appearance of dark under eyecircles, (e) reducing skin redness (e.g. due to rosacea), (f) minimizingthe appearance of lines and wrinkles, (g) evening skin tone, (h) fillingskin depressions, (i) hiding scars, (j) smoothing cellulite or “cottagecheese” skin, (k) reducing the ashy appearance of ethnic skin, (l)minimizing the appearance of irregularities and age spots on hands,face, and neck, (m) improving appearance of uneven pigmentation, (n)correcting color (e.g. reducing yellow or red skin tone); andcombinations thereof by applying a topical composition containing whichis the reaction product of (a), (b), and (c): wherein (a) is: M_(a)M^(H)_(b-h-k)M^(PE) _(h)M^(E) _(k)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE) _(i)D^(E)_(l)T_(e)T^(H) _(f-j-m)T^(PE) _(j)T^(E) _(m)Q_(g); and wherein (b) is: astoichiometric or super-stoichiometric quantity of acrylate; and wherein(c) is: a free radical initiator; and wherein M=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2);M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2);M^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)—R¹²)SiO_(1/2);M^(E)=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2;)D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); and D^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2;)D^(PE)=R⁸(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)R¹²)SiO_(2/2),D^(E)=R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2;)T^(H)=HSiO_(3/2);T^(PE)=(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C⁴H⁸O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(3/2);T^(E)=(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(3/2); and Q=SiO_(4/2);wherein: R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and R¹⁹ are each independentlyselected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from 1to 60 carbon atoms; R⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ isa divalent alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbons; R¹¹ is selected from thegroup of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—, —C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O;R¹² is H, a monofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, oracetyl; R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently selectedfrom the group of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon radicals havingfrom one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbonradical having from one to sixty carbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalenthydrocarbon radical having from one to sixty carbon atoms; and thesubscripts a, b, or c is positive and has a value ranging from about 5to about 1,000; the subscript d is positive and has a value ranging fromabout 3 to about 400; the subscript e is zero or positive and has avalue ranging from 0 to about 50; the subscript f is zero or positiveand has a value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript g is zero orpositive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 20; the subscript h iszero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about 2; thesubscript i is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about200; the subscript j is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0to about 30; the subscript k is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 2; the subscript 1 is zero or positive and has a valueranging from 0 to about 200; the subscript m is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 30; the subscript n is zero or one; thesubscript o is zero or one; the subscript p is zero or positive and hasa value ranging from 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that(p+q+r)>0; the subscript q is zero or positive and has a value rangingfrom 0 to about 100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; thesubscript r is zero or positive and has a value ranging from 0 to about100 subject to the limitation that (p+q+r)>0; the subscript s is zero orone; and the subscript t is zero or one.
 16. The method of claim 15wherein the polymer (a) is M_(a)M^(H) _(b)D_(c)D^(H) _(d;) whereinM=R¹R²R³SiO_(1/2); M^(H)=R⁴R⁵HSiO_(1/2); D=R⁶R⁷SiO_(2/2); andD^(H)=R⁸HSiO_(2/2) with R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are eachindependently selected from the group of monovalent hydrocarbon radicalshaving from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, where the subscripts a, b, c and d arezero or positive; and then is reacted under hydrosilylation conditionswith olefinic polyether having the formula:CH═CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹² whereR⁹ is H or a 1 to 6 carbon atom alkyl group; R¹⁰ is a divalent alkylradical of 1 to 6 carbons where the subscript n may be 0 or 1; R¹¹ isselected from the group of divalent radicals consisting of —C₂H₄O—,—C₃H₆O—, and —C₄H₈O— where the subscript o may be 0 or 1; R¹² is H, amonofunctional hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 6 carbons, or acetyl and thesubscripts p, q and r are zero or positive.
 17. The method of claim 16wherein the polymer is a terpolymer having the formula:M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h)M^(PE) _(e)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i)D^(PE) _(f) where thesuperscript PE indicates polyether substitution, withM^(PE)=R⁴R⁵(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o-)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R¹²)SiO_(1/2)andD^(PE)=R₈(—CH₂CH(R⁹)(R¹⁰)_(n)O(R¹¹)_(o)(C₂H₄O)_(p)(C₃H₆O)_(q)(C₄H₈O)_(r)R_(y)¹ ²)SiO_(2/2) wherein the terpolymer is reacted with an olefinic epoxideor oxirane of the formula:

R¹⁷R¹⁸C═CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴, where R¹³, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷ andR¹⁸ are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen andmonovalent hydrocarbon radicals having from one to sixty carbon atoms,Q_(t) is a di- or trivalent hydrocarbon radical having from one to sixtycarbon atoms, Q_(s) is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from one tosixty carbon atoms with the subscripts s and t independently zero. 18.The method of claim 17 wherein the polymer is: M_(a)M^(H) _(b-h-k)M_(e)^(PE)M^(E) _(g)D_(c)D^(H) _(d-i-l)D^(PE) _(f)D^(E) _(j), where thesuperscript E indicates epoxide or oxirane substitution, withME=R⁴R⁵(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(1/2)D^(E)≦R⁸(—R¹⁷R¹⁸C—CR¹⁶Q_(s)Q_(t)R¹⁵(COC)R¹³R¹⁴)SiO_(2/2)
 19. The methodof claim 18 wherein the keratin surface is skin.
 20. The method of claim18 wherein the composition is applied to the skin in the form of a skincream or lotion.